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[论文解读] Test of Kerr-Sen metric with black hole observations

Ashish Narang, Subhendra Mohanty|arXiv (Cornell University)|Feb 27, 2020
Pulsars and Gravitational Waves Research参考文献 41被引用 9
一句话总结

本文提出了一项针对Kerr-Sen黑洞——一种源自杂色弦理论的旋转带电黑洞解——的检验,方法是利用M87*黑洞阴影和偏振旋转的观测。研究显示,阴影偏离圆形性与由轴子毛发引起的频率无关法拉第旋转之间的相关性,可唯一识别Kerr-Sen度规;未来亚1%精度的阴影测量将能实现对电荷和自旋的确定性预测。

ABSTRACT

The Kerr-Sen black hole is a rotating charged black hole solution arising from heterotic string theory. In 4-dimensions effective theory the bosonic fields are: a $U(1)$ gauge boson, a Kalb-Ramond 3-form which is equivalent to a pseudoscalar axion in 4-dimensions, the dilaton and the graviton. The coupling constants in the theory are $α^{\prime}$ (inverse string tension) and $κ$ (inverse reduced Planck mass in 4-dimensions) and the charge of the $U(1)$ field and the axion-photon coupling are related to these two. Sen found a black hole solution (the Kerr-Sen black hole) with these fields as the external hair of the black hole. In this paper we investigate the possibility of determining the Sen solution from observations. The observations which can test the Kerr-Sen black hole are: (a) determination of the shape of the photon shadow, and (b) the rotation of polarization of photon due to axion hair. The deviation from circularity gives the $U(1)$ charge of the black hole and identification of this charge in terms of the photon coupling leads to a prediction of frequency independent "Faraday rotation" in terms of black hole parameters already determined from the shadow. Similar measurements of Kerr-Newman black hole with axion hair have no correlation between the shape of the image and the amount of "Faraday rotation". This correlation can be a distinctive test of the Sen metric. In the recent observation from EHT of M87* shadow, the deviation from circularity has an upper bound of 10%. If this observation is refined to 1% accuracy then a definitive prediction of the charge of the Kerr-Sen black hole and the "Faraday rotation" can be made. Interestingly observations of "Faraday rotation" have shown that the effect is independent of frequency pointing to an axionic hair interpretation for the effect.

研究动机与目标

  • 检验M87*黑洞是否为源自杂色弦理论的Kerr-Sen黑洞(KSBH)。
  • 研究事件视界望远镜(EHT)阴影图像中观测到的偏离圆形性与光子偏振旋转是否可联合约束KSBH参数。
  • 建立KSBH中阴影形状与法拉第旋转之间的唯一相关性,以区别于具有轴子毛发的通用Kerr-Newman黑洞。
  • 从电磁耦合强度推导出U(1)电荷与轴子-光子耦合的预测,以支持观测检验。
  • 为未来高精度EHT与偏振观测提供框架,以确认或排除KSBH解。

提出的方法

  • 通过计算终止于不稳定圆形轨道的零测地线,利用M87*的参数(质量、自旋、倾角)确定KSBH的阴影形状。
  • 推导由轴子-光子耦合引起的偏振旋转角ΔΘ,其为频率无关且与KSBH电荷成正比。
  • 通过关系式α′/(16κ²) = 1/(4e²)将反演弦张力α′与电磁耦合关联,从而将KSBH电荷与可观测光子耦合联系起来。
  • 将EHT观测到的阴影圆形性偏离上限(≤10%)作为约束,并预测未来亚1%精度测量对电荷与自旋的预测能力。
  • 将KSBH预测与Kerr-Newman黑洞进行比较,突出ΔC(圆形性偏离)与ΔΘ(法拉第旋转)之间在KSBH中独有的相关性。
  • 生成不同电荷质量比(Q/M)与倾角下的ΔΘ与ΔC基准表,以指导未来观测。

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1M87*黑洞阴影的观测偏离圆形性是否可用Kerr-Sen黑洞而非Kerr黑洞来解释?
  • RQ2M87*附近圆偏振光子的偏振旋转是否表现出频率无关性,如KSBH中轴子毛发所预测的那样?
  • RQ3KSBH中是否存在ΔC(阴影偏离)与ΔΘ(法拉第旋转)之间的唯一相关性,而这种相关性在其他带电黑洞模型中不存在?
  • RQ4能否从电磁耦合强度e预测KSBH的U(1)电荷?该预测是否与预期的阴影与偏振观测一致?
  • RQ5未来对阴影形状与偏振旋转的高精度观测能否明确区分KSBH与具有轴子毛发的Kerr-Newman黑洞?

主要发现

  • Kerr-Sen黑洞阴影表现出依赖于其电荷与倾角的圆形性偏离(ΔC),当Q/M = 0.9且θ = 70°时,ΔC ≤ 0.01646。
  • 法拉第旋转角ΔΘ为频率无关且与KSBH电荷成正比,当Q/M = 0.9且θ = 10°时,其值范围为0°至301.29°。
  • KSBH中存在ΔC与ΔΘ之间的相关性,即测量其中一个即可预测另一个,而这一特性在具有轴子毛发的Kerr-Newman黑洞中并不存在。
  • EHT观测给出的阴影圆形性偏离上限(10%)表明,未来亚1%精度测量可最终检验KSBH解。
  • 由于电荷由轴子毛发提供而非吸积物质,KSBH可支持更高的电荷质量比(最高达Q/M ≈ 1.4),而Kerr-Newman黑洞的Q/M ≤ 1。
  • 观测到的频率无关偏振旋转与轴子毛发一致,支持KSBH解释,而非传统法拉第旋转机制。

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