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[论文解读] Testing the r$^2$SCAN density functional for the thermodynamic stability of solids with and without a van der Waals correction

Manish Kothakonda, Aaron D. Kaplan|arXiv (Cornell University)|Aug 4, 2022
nanoparticles nucleation surface interactions被引用 4
一句话总结

本研究评估了r2SCAN泛函及其色散校正变体r2SCAN+rVV10在超过1,000种固体中的热力学稳定性预测性能。结果表明,r2SCAN在保持与SCAN相当的精度的同时,数值稳定性更优;而r2SCAN+rVV10在细胞体积预测上略为准确,且维持了形成焓的预测精度,因此两种泛函在高通量材料发现中均具有可靠性。

ABSTRACT

A central aim of materials discovery is an accurate and numerically reliable description of thermodynamic properties, such as the enthalpies of formation and decomposition. The r$^2$SCAN revision of the strongly constrained and appropriately normed (SCAN) meta-generalized gradient approximation (meta-GGA) balances numerical stability with high general accuracy. To assess the r$^2$SCAN description of solid-state thermodynamics, we evaluate the formation and decomposition enthalpies, equilibrium volumes, and fundamental bandgaps of more than 1,000 solids using r$^2$SCAN, SCAN, and PBE, as well as two dispersion-corrected variants, SCAN+rVV10 and r$^2$SCAN+rVV10. We show that r$^2$SCAN achieves accuracy comparable to SCAN and often improves upon SCAN's already excellent accuracy. Whereas SCAN+rVV10 is often observed to worsen the formation enthalpies of SCAN, and makes no substantial correction to SCAN's cell volume predictions, r$^2$SCAN+rVV10 predicts marginally less-accurate formation enthalpies than r$^2$SCAN, and slightly more-accurate cell volumes than r$^2$SCAN. The average absolute errors in predicted formation enthalpies are found to decrease by a factor of 1.5 to 2.5 from the GGA level to the meta-GGA level. Smaller decreases in error are observed for decomposition enthalpies. For formation enthalpies r$^2$SCAN improves over SCAN for intermetallic systems. For a few classes of systems -- transition metals, intermetallics, weakly-bound solids, and enthalpies of decomposition into compounds -- GGAs are comparable to meta-GGAs. In total, r$^2$SCAN and r$^2$SCAN+rVV10 can be recommended as stable, general-purpose meta-GGAs for materials discovery.

研究动机与目标

  • 评估r2SCAN元-GGA泛函在固体中的热力学精度,与SCAN、PBE及其色散校正变体进行比较。
  • 评估rVV10色散校正对r2SCAN和SCAN在预测形成焓与分解焓、平衡体积及带隙方面的影响。
  • 确定r2SCAN在多种固态体系中是否相比SCAN展现出更优的数值稳定性和预测精度。
  • 识别特定体系的性能趋势,特别是过渡金属、金属间化合物及弱键合固体。
  • 为r2SCAN和r2SCAN+rVV10在高通量材料发现工作流中的通用用途提供推荐。

提出的方法

  • 使用r2SCAN、SCAN、PBE、SCAN+rVV10和r2SCAN+rVV10对1,015种固体(934种二元化合物和81种三元化合物)计算了形成焓与分解焓、平衡体积及基本带隙。
  • 采用rVV10色散校正,其中r2SCAN+rVV10的参数b=11.95,SCAN+rVV10的参数b=15.7,以考虑长程范德华相互作用。
  • 以Isaacs等人提供的实验数据作为参考形成焓和结构参数。
  • 比较各泛函在形成焓与分解焓、晶胞体积及带隙上的平均绝对误差(MAEs)。
  • 通过小提琴图分析误差分布,并评估各类材料(如氧化物、过渡金属、金属间化合物、弱键合固体)中的性能表现。
  • 评估元-GGA中非局域动能密度(τ)对金属和窄带隙半导体中磁矩与带隙的影响。

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1r2SCAN在预测固体形成焓与分解焓方面与SCAN和PBE相比表现如何?
  • RQ2与SCAN+rVV10相比,rVV10色散校正对r2SCAN在预测热力学性质方面的精度有何影响?
  • RQ3r2SCAN是否在保持高精度的同时,相比SCAN提升了数值稳定性?
  • RQ4在哪些材料类别中(如过渡金属、金属间化合物、层状固体),GGA在形成焓预测中优于meta-GGA?
  • RQ5r2SCAN与r2SCAN+rVV10在预测基本带隙方面精度如何,特别是在窄带隙绝缘体和金属中?

主要发现

  • 从GGA(PBE)到元-GGA(r2SCAN)水平,形成焓的平均绝对误差降低了1.5至2.5倍。
  • r2SCAN在形成焓预测精度上与SCAN相当,并在金属间化合物体系中表现更优。
  • r2SCAN+rVV10在形成焓预测上略逊于r2SCAN,但在平衡晶胞体积预测上更准确。
  • 在分解焓方面,从GGA到元-GGA的误差降低幅度小于形成焓,所有泛函在Type 2分解中误差均低于30 meV/atom。
  • r2SCAN与r2SCAN+rVV10在数值稳定性上优于SCAN,且由于其较低的b参数(11.95)相比SCAN+rVV10(15.7),r2SCAN+rVV10提供了更兼容的色散校正。
  • r2SCAN在窄带隙绝缘体中有时会高估带隙,这一趋势与TASK等其他元-GGA一致;而r2SCAN与SCAN在宽带隙绝缘体中均低估了带隙。

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