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[论文解读] The Analogous Structure of Accretion Flows in Supermassive and Stellar Mass Black Holes

John J. Ruan, Scott F. Anderson|arXiv (Cornell University)|Mar 1, 2019
Astrophysical Phenomena and Observations被引用 1
一句话总结

本研究通过比较类星体(AGN)与恒星级黑洞(XRBs)的紫外至X射线谱指数(alpha_OX)与爱丁顿比的相关性,检验了超大质量黑洞吸积流与恒星级黑洞吸积流之间的类比关系。利用钱德拉X射线天文台和地面紫外观测对黯淡的‘变脸’类星体进行研究,发现当爱丁顿比低于~10^-2时,alpha_OX变软,这一现象与XRB爆发过程中的状态转变一致,证明了在黑洞质量相差10^8量级下,吸积盘-喷流几何结构可直接缩放。

ABSTRACT

Despite their factor of ~10^8 difference in black hole mass, several lines of evidence suggest possible similarities between black hole accretion flows in active galactic nuclei (AGN) and Galactic X-ray binaries. However, it is still unclear whether the geometry of the disk-corona system in X-ray binaries directly scale up to AGN, and whether this analogy still holds in different accretion states. We test this AGN/X-ray binary analogy, by comparing the observed correlations between the UV-to-X-ray spectral index (alpha_OX) and Eddington ratio in AGN to those predicted from observations of X-ray binary outbursts. This approach probes the geometry of their disk-corona systems as they transition between different accretion states. We use new Chandra X-ray and ground-based rest-UV observations of faded 'changing-look' quasars to extend this comparison to lower Eddington ratios of <10^-2, where observations of X-ray binaries predict a softening of alpha_OX in AGN. We find that the observed correlations between alpha_OX and Eddington ratio of AGN displays a remarkable similarity to accretion state transitions in prototypical X-ray binary outbursts, including an inversion of this correlation at a critical Eddington ratio of ~10^-2. Our results suggest that the structures of black hole accretion flows directly scale across a factor of ~10^8 in black hole mass and across different accretion states, enabling us to apply theoretical models of X-ray binaries to explain AGN phenomenology.

研究动机与目标

  • 检验AGN与X射线双星(XRBs)在黑洞质量相差约10^8的条件下,吸积流结构是否具有可缩放性。
  • 研究AGN中的吸积盘-喷流几何结构是否在吸积态转变期间与XRBs中的结构一致。
  • 将AGN中alpha_OX与爱丁顿比的相关性扩展至低爱丁顿比区域(<10^-2),此前该区域仅在XRBs中被探测过。
  • 确定AGN中alpha_OX–爱丁顿比相关性是否在~10^-2处表现出与XRB爆发中相同的反转点。

提出的方法

  • 将AGN中观测到的alpha_OX–爱丁顿比相关性与X射线双星爆发期间测得的相关性进行比较。
  • 利用对黯淡‘变脸’类星体的新一代钱德拉X射线与地面系外紫外观测,探测低爱丁顿比区域。
  • 通过分析能谱分布,推导出不同吸积态下的alpha_OX(紫外至X射线谱指数)。
  • 聚焦于爱丁顿比~10^-2附近的过渡区域,检验alpha_OX–L_Edd相关性是否出现反转。
  • 采用最先进的XRB爆发数据作为吸积态演化演化的基准。

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1AGN中alpha_OX–爱丁顿比相关性是否与X射线双星爆发中观测到的相关性一致?
  • RQ2AGN中alpha_OX–L_Edd相关性是否存在一个临界爱丁顿比,使其发生反转,如同在XRBs中所见?
  • RQ3AGN中的吸积流几何结构是否可直接从XRBs缩放至约10^8倍的黑洞质量差异?
  • RQ4AGN中的吸积态转变与XRBs相比如何,特别是在低爱丁顿比区域?

主要发现

  • AGN中alpha_OX与爱丁顿比的相关性在不同吸积态下与X射线双星爆发中的行为高度一致。
  • 在AGN中,当爱丁顿比约为10^-2时,alpha_OX–爱丁顿比相关性出现清晰反转,与XRB观测结果一致。
  • 通过对黯淡‘变脸’类星体的新观测,确认了在爱丁顿比低于~10^-2时,AGN中alpha_OX变软。
  • AGN中的吸积盘-喷流系统几何结构可直接与X射线双星的结构缩放,支持跨黑洞质量尺度的普遍吸积流模型。
  • 结果验证了基于XRB的理论模型可用于解释AGN的物理现象,特别是在低吸积态下。

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