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[论文解读] The Be/X-ray transient 4U 0115+63/V635 Cassiopeiae. III. Quasi-cyclic variability

P. Reig, V. M. Larionov|ArXiv.org|Nov 16, 2006
Astrophysical Phenomena and Observations参考文献 34被引用 30
一句话总结

本研究证实,Be/X射线双星4U 0115+63/V635 Cas表现出约5年的准周期性变化,其成因是Be星周围吸积盘的形成与破坏。在高态盘扰动期间,X射线爆发成对出现,第二次爆发标志着盘的消散;光学与红外变异性与盘状态及Hα发射强烈相关,支持中子星引力扰动导致盘截断的模型。

ABSTRACT

4u 0115+63 is one of the most active and best studied Be/X-ray transients. Previous studies of 4u0115+63 have led to the suggestion that it undergoes relatively fast quasi-cyclic activity. However, due to the lack of good coverage of the observations, the variability time scales are uncertain. Our objective is to investigate the long-term behaviour of 4u 0115+63 to confirm its quasi-cyclic nature and to explain its correlated optical/IR and X-ray variability. We have performed optical/IR photometric observations and optical spectroscopic observations of 4u 0115+63 over the last decade with unprecedented coverage. We have focused on the Halpha line variability and the long-term changes of the photometric magnitudes and colours and investigated these changes in correlation with the X-ray activity of the source. results The optical and infrared emission is characterised by cyclic changes with a period of ~ 5 years. This long-term variability is attributed to the state of the circumstellar disc around the Be star companion. Each cycle involves a low state when the disc is very weak or absent and the associated low amplitude variability is orbitally modulated and a high state when a perturbed disc precesses, giving rise to fast and large amplitude photometric changes. X-ray outbursts in 4u 0115+63 come in pairs, i.e., two in every cycle. However, sometimes the second outburst is missing. Our results can be explained within the framework of the decretion disc model. The neutron star acts as the perturbing body, truncating and distorting the disc. The first outburst would occur before the disc is strongly perturbed. The second outburst leads to the dispersal of the disc and marks the end of the perturbed phase.

研究动机与目标

  • 调查4U 0115+63/V635 Cas的长期光学、红外与X射线变异性,以确认其准周期性特征。
  • 确定光学/红外测光与光谱变异性(尤其是Hα)与X射线活动之间的相关性。
  • 在盘演化与中子星相互作用的背景下,解释观测到的准周期行为的起源。
  • 通过分析X射线爆发的时序与幅度,检验吸积盘模型。
  • 理解X射线爆发发生的条件,以及为何有时每个周期仅观测到一次爆发。

提出的方法

  • 对4U 0115+63/V635 Cas开展了长达十年的光学与红外测光监测,覆盖时间前所未有。
  • 聚焦于Hα线变异性进行光学光谱观测,以追踪周围盘状态的变化。
  • 将长期测光与光谱数据与档案中的X射线光 light curves 及爆发记录进行相关性分析。
  • 分析X射线爆发的时序与幅度,关联至盘形成、进动与破坏阶段。
  • 利用吸积盘模型解释观测到的准周期行为,中子星作为扰动源。
  • 使用标准盘方程量化盘质量与吸积率:$ M_d \sim 2.6 \times 10^{-9} \, M_\odot $(当 $ n=2 $ 时),$ \dot{M} \sim 7 \times 10^{-11} \, M_\odot \, \text{month}^{-1} $(当 $ L_X \sim 10^{37} \, \text{erg s}^{-1} $ 时)。

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ14U 0115+63/V635 Cas是否表现出约5年的稳定准周期性变异性?
  • RQ2光学与红外测光与光谱变异性如何与X射线爆发相关联?
  • RQ3为何4U 0115+63/V635 Cas的X射线爆发通常成对出现?什么决定了第二次爆发的缺失?
  • RQ4吸积盘在调制源活动周期中扮演何种角色?
  • RQ5中子星的引力相互作用如何影响盘结构并导致X射线爆发?

主要发现

  • 该源表现出约5年的准周期性变异性,特征为低态(无盘或盘弱)与高态(存在并受扰动的盘)交替。
  • 在高态期间,X射线爆发成对出现,第二次爆发标志着受扰动盘相结束及盘的消散。
  • 第一次爆发后,光学与红外星等及Hα等效宽度保持相对稳定,表明此时盘尚未显著扭曲。
  • 第一次爆发后,盘发生翘曲与倾斜,导致在最剧烈扰动阶段出现第二次X射线爆发。
  • 爆发期间的质量转移速率估计为 $ 7 \times 10^{-11} \, M_\circ \, \text{month}^{-1} $,占盘质量不足10%,与盘质量长期变化极小一致。
  • 当第二次爆发缺失时,高态在整个周期内持续存在,表明典型的双爆发模式因盘不稳定性而中断。

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