[论文解读] The case for large-scale AGN feedback in galaxy formation simulations: insights from XFABLE

Leah Bigwood, Martin A. Bourne+3 more|ArXiv.org|Jan 28, 2025

Astronomy and Astrophysical Research被引用 3

一句话总结

本论文在 FABLE 框架内分析极端 AGN 反馈模型（XFABLE），显示射频模式反馈在远距离喷射与热化下可与弱透镜+kSZ 约束相匹配，同时保持 GSMF 与气体分数。

ABSTRACT

While cosmological simulations of galaxy formation have reached maturity, able to reproduce many fundamental galaxy and halo properties, no consensus has yet been reached on the impact of `baryonic feedback' on the non-linear matter power spectrum. This severely limits the precision of (and potentially biases) small-scale cosmological constraints obtained from weak lensing and galaxy surveys. Recent observational evidence indicates that `baryonic feedback' may be more extreme than commonly assumed in current cosmological hydrodynamical simulations. In this paper, we therefore explore a range of empirical AGN feedback models, within the FABLE simulation suite, with different parameterizations as a function of cosmic time, host halo properties, and/or spatial location where feedback energy is thermalized. We demonstrate that an AGN radio-mode feedback acting in a larger population of black holes, with jets thermalizing at relatively large cluster-centric distances, as exemplified by our XFABLE model, is in good agreement with the latest weak lensing + kSZ constraints across all k-scales. Furthermore, XFABLE maintains good agreement with the galaxy stellar mass function, gas fraction measurements, and all key galaxy group and cluster properties, including scaling relations and ICM radial profiles. Our work highlights the pressing need to model black hole accretion and feedback physics with a greater level of realism, including relativistic, magnetized jets in full cosmological simulations. Finally, we discuss how a range of complementary observational probes in the near future will enable us to constrain AGN feedback models, and therefore reduce `baryonic feedback' modelling uncertainty for the upcoming era of large cosmological surveys.

研究动机与目标

• 理解 baryonic feedback 对非线性物质功率谱在精密宇宙学中的影响的必要性以实现高精度 cosmology。
• 研究是否更极端的 AGN 反馈可以在不破坏关键星系/群簇可观测量的前提下缓解 S8 张力。
• 在 FABLE 框架内对一系列 AGN 反馈参数化进行测试，并与观测数据对比。

提出的方法

• 使用 Arepo 运行具有 FABLE 类物理基线的 40 和 100 Mpc/h 盒子。
• 修改 AGN 反馈以产生具有不同射频模式参数（表 1）和泡沫注入方案的 XFABLE 变体。
• 通过 Pylians 例程计算物质功率谱 Pm(k) 及其相对于 DMonly 的抑制。
• 将预测与 GSMF、群/簇的 hot gas fraction、以及不同 redshift 下的 X 射线/SZ 观测进行对比。
• 评估反馈效应对非线性功率谱在 redshift 和空间上的依赖性。

Figure 1 : The $z=0$ properties of the FABLE-40 (dashed purple line) and FABLE-100 (solid purple line) simulations compared to observational constraints and other hydrodynamical simulations; FLAMINGO L1 $\_$ m9 (hereafter denoted as FLAMINGO) (Schaye et al., 2023 ; Schaller et al., 2024 , black soli

实验结果

研究问题

• RQ1 极端 AGN 反馈模型是否能够产生 S8 张力所需的物质功率谱抑制程度？
• RQ2 这类极端反馈模型是否仍与群/簇中的 GSMF 和热气体分数观测一致？
• RQ3 射频模式喷射的能量学与泡沫注入在塑造总物质分布中起何作用？
• RQ4 盒子大小与反馈的随机性如何影响跨尺度的预测观测量？

主要发现

• XFABLE 的射频模式反馈在较大群集半径处加热喷射，可以在所有 k 尺度上与 WL+kSZ 约束较好地一致。
• XFABLE 与星系恒星质量函数、气体分数测量，以及关键的群/簇标标尺和 ICM 径向分布保持良好一致性。
• 不同的流体动力学模拟预测出功率谱抑制存在较大范围，表明亚网格反馈建模中的简并性。
• 为了在与 X 射线和 tSZ 约束兼容的前提下缓解 S8 张力，可能需要更极端的 AGN 反馈并提高喷射物理的真实感，推动在喷射物理学中的更高真实感建模。
• 本研究强调需要在宇宙学仿真中以更高的真实感来对黑洞吸积与反馈进行建模，包括相对论性、磁化喷射。

Figure 2 : Projections visualising the key simulation boxes analysed in this work. The top panels display the blend of the gas surface density and mass-weighted temperature projections of the two $(100~h^{-1}\mathrm{Mpc})^{3}$ volumes: fiducial FABLE-100 and the modified AGN feedback model, XFABLE-1