[论文解读] The complementary contributions of academia and industry to AI research

Lizhen Liang, Zhuang Han+2 more|arXiv (Cornell University)|Jan 4, 2024

Big Data and Business Intelligence被引用 5

一句话总结

该论文分析了 AI 研究的 25 年，并显示行业团队在关注度、引用以及最先进结果方面表现出色，而学术团队推动更高的创新性；协作最大化总体影响。

ABSTRACT

Artificial intelligence (AI) has seen fast paced development in industry and academia. However, striking recent advances by industry have stunned the field, inviting a fresh perspective on the role of academic research on this progress. Here, we characterize the impact and type of AI produced by both environments over the last 25 years and establish several patterns. We find that articles published by teams consisting exclusively of industry researchers tend to get greater attention, with a higher chance of being highly cited and citation-disruptive, and several times more likely to produce state-of-the-art models. In contrast, we find that exclusively academic teams publish the bulk of AI research and tend to produce higher novelty work, with single papers having several times higher likelihood of being unconventional and atypical. The respective impact-novelty advantages of industry and academia are robust to controls for subfield, team size, seniority, and prestige. We find that academic-industry collaborations produce the most impactful work overall but do not have the novelty level of academic teams. Together, our findings identify the unique and nearly irreplaceable contributions that both academia and industry make toward the progress of AI.

研究动机与目标

• 促使理解学术界和产业界如何以不同方式推动 AI 发展。
• 描述来自学术、产业和混合团队的 AI 工作在关注度、新颖性和影响力模式。
• 识别协作是否在总体影响力和新颖性方面超过单一领域团队。

提出的方法

• 分析过去 25 年 AI 论文的纵向数据。
• 按团队构成对论文进行分类：仅学术、仅产业，或学术-产业协作。
• 衡量关注度/引用指标、创新性/非常规性，以及最先进模型的产出等结果。
• 对子领域、团队规模、资历和声望进行控制，以检验效应的稳健性。

实验结果

研究问题

• RQ1 仅产业的 AI 团队是否比仅学术的团队获得更多关注并产出更多的最先进模型？
• RQ2 仅学术的 AI 团队是否比仅产业的团队产生更具新颖性或非常规性的工作？
• RQ3 学术-产业协作在总体上是否更具影响力，以及在新颖性方面与仅学术团队的比较？

主要发现

• 仅产业的团队往往获得更高的关注度，更可能被高度引用并具有引用破坏性。
• 仅产业的团队更可能多次产出最先进的模型。
• 仅学术的团队发布了大部分 AI 研究并且往往产生更高的新颖性工作。
• 仅学术的团队的单篇论文更可能表现出非常规和不同寻常的特征几倍以上。
• 学术-产业协作在总体上产出最具影响力的工作，但在新颖性方面低于仅学术团队。