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[论文解读] The Effect of Robot Posture and Idle Motion on Spontaneous Emotional Contagion during Robot-Human Interactions

Isabel Casso, Bing Li|arXiv (Cornell University)|Sep 2, 2022
Social Robot Interaction and HRI被引用 4
一句话总结

本研究探讨了机器人待机运动频率对人机交互中自发情感传染的影响。通过使用社交机器人(Buddy)在讲述悲伤故事时以低、中、高频率控制头部运动,研究人员发现,低频运动可增加人类参与者自发的躯干倾斜和身体摆动,从而增强情感传染。当机器人缓慢移动时,参与者认为其更具拟人化和智能,表明低频待机运动有助于实现更自然、情感协调的人机互动。

ABSTRACT

In the next decade, social robots will be implemented in many public spaces to provide services to humans. We question the properties of these social robots to afford acceptance and spontaneous emotional interactions. More specifically, in the present study, we report the effects of idle motion frequency in a robot on emotional contagion in a face-to-face interactive task with a human participant. The robotic system Buddy was programmed to adopt a sad posture and facial expression while telling three sad stories and moving its head up/down at low, medium, and high frequency. Each participant (N=15 total) was invited to sit in front of Buddy and listen to the stories. Unconscious changes in posture in the human participant were recorded using a 3D motion capture system (Qualysis). Results show greater inclinations of the shoulder/torso towards the ground in low-frequency trials and more rigid postures in high-frequency trials. The quantity of spontaneous movement was also greater when Buddy moved at slow frequencies. These findings echo results reported in experimental psychology when two individuals are engaged in social interactions. The scores obtained in the Godspeed questionnaire further suggest that emotional contagion may occur when Buddy moves slowly because the robotic system is perceived as more natural and knowledgeable, e.g., at speed coherent with the expressed emotion. Our work explores the importance of body posture and frequency of idle motion in the conception of robotic systems. Such additions could provide social robots that afford emotional contagion in effortless robot-human collaborative tasks.

研究动机与目标

  • 探讨机器人待机运动频率如何影响人机交互中的自发情感传染。
  • 评估头部运动频率的变化是否影响人类参与者在情感叙事过程中的姿势反应。
  • 基于待机运动频率,评估人们对拟人化、智能性及情感协调性的感知。
  • 探讨身体姿势与运动频率在促进人类与机器人之间轻松、自然协作中的作用。

提出的方法

  • 为社交机器人(Buddy)编程,使其在讲述三个悲伤故事时呈现悲伤面部表情和姿势,并以低频(16秒周期)、中频(12秒周期)和高频(4秒周期)进行头部运动。
  • 参与者(N=15)在聆听故事时,其全身三维运动通过Qualisys动作捕捉系统以200 Hz采样率进行捕捉。
  • 基于肩部和胸部标记点数据,计算出3D加速度和躯干倾斜度,以量化自发的姿势变化。
  • 采用基于小波变换的谱分析方法,提取身体运动在时间和频率带上的功率谱密度(PSD)。
  • 每位参与者在每次试验前后完成Godspeed问卷,以评估其对拟人化、智能性、亲和力、拟生命感及安全性的感知。
  • 采用情感环状模型(情感效价与唤醒度)测量情绪状态,每次故事结束后对悲伤程度进行0–5分评分。

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1机器人待机运动频率是否会影响人类参与者的自发情感传染?
  • RQ2机器人待机运动频率如何影响人类在情感叙事过程中的姿势动力学?
  • RQ3基于机器人待机运动频率,人们对拟人化和智能性的感知是否存在差异?
  • RQ4低频待机运动在多大程度上增强了情感协调性与人机交互的自然感?

主要发现

  • 在低频待机运动试验中,参与者表现出显著更大的躯干向地面倾斜,表明情感传染程度增强。
  • 谱分析显示,低频条件下功率谱密度更高,表明参与者出现更多自发的姿势摆动。
  • 在高频待机运动试验中,参与者运动减少且姿势僵硬,表明自发运动受到抑制。
  • Godspeed问卷结果显示,待机频率对感知拟人化(p < 0.001)和感知智能性(p < 0.001)有显著主效应,慢速运动时得分更高。
  • 当机器人的待机运动频率与叙事的情感基调(悲伤)相匹配时,参与者认为其更自然且更具知识性。
  • 在不同待机运动频率下,感知亲和力或拟生命感无显著差异。

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