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[论文解读] The effect of social roles on group behaviour

Francesco Zanlungo, Zeynep Yücel|arXiv (Cornell University)|Feb 10, 2017
Evacuation and Crowd Dynamics被引用 6
一句话总结

本文提出了一种基于视线交互与径向舒适距离的非牛顿数学模型,用于描述行人群体动力学,表明社会角色(性别、目的、关系类型)显著影响群体速度、间距与队形。实证数据证实,情侣行走时距离最近且最并排行走,同事行走最快且间距最远,而工作出行者比休闲出行者走得更快;女性行走速度较慢且距离更近于男性。

ABSTRACT

In a recent series of papers, we proposed a mathematical model for the dynamics of a group of interacting pedestrians. The model is based on a non-Newtonian potential, that accounts for the need of pedestrians to keep both their interacting partner and their walking goal in their vision field, and to keep a comfortable distance between them. These two behaviours account respectively for the angular and radial part of the potential from which the force providing the pedestrian acceleration is derived. The angular term is asymmetric, i.e. does not follow the third law of dynamics, with observable effects on group formation and velocity. We successfully compared the predictions of the model with observations of real world pedestrian behaviour. We then studied the effect of crowd density on group dynamics. We verified that the average effect of crowd density may be modelled by adding a harmonic term to the group potential. The model predictions, which include "phase transitions" in the group configuration, are again confirmed, at least in the observed density range, by a comparison with real world data. Until now we had averaged all pedestrian data collected in a given environmental setting without differentiating on group composition and social roles. In this work we study how the group configuration and velocity is affected by inter-pedestrian relation (family, couples, colleagues, friends), purpose (work, leisure) and gender. We also show results related to the effect of asymmetric interactions, that confirm further the non-Newtonian nature of gaze-based angular interaction in our model.

研究动机与目标

  • 研究社会角色(性别、目的、人际关系)如何影响行人动力学中的群体行走行为。
  • 将群体交互的非牛顿势模型扩展,以包含由社会构成差异引起的实证变化。
  • 量化社会因素对群体速度、行人间距及并排行走程度的影响。
  • 通过跨多样化社会群体类型的实地观测数据,验证模型预测的准确性。
  • 通过群体环境中非对称的视线交互力,探索行人交互的非牛顿特性。

提出的方法

  • 使用包含角度(基于视线)和径向(基于距离)分量的非牛顿势,模拟行人群体动力学。
  • 通过视线角度的二次函数定义不适感:$\Theta^{\eta}(\theta) = (1+\eta)\theta^2 + (1-\eta)\psi^2$,其中$\eta$控制非对称性。
  • 通过$R(r) = \frac{r}{r_0} + \frac{r_0}{r}$建模径向交互,确保在$r_0$处不适感最小化并避免重叠。
  • 通过在基础势能中加入谐振项,整合人群密度影响,实现群体构型的相变。
  • 收集2人组在性别、目的和关系类型方面的实证数据,测量速度、距离$r$及并排行走距离$x$。
  • 使用统计分析方法,结合均值$\mu_i$、标准误$\varepsilon = \sigma / \sqrt{N}$及置信区间,比较不同群体类别。

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1性别在多大程度上影响行人群体中的行走速度与行人间距?
  • RQ2出行目的(工作 vs. 休闲)如何影响群体动力学与空间构型?
  • RQ3不同社会关系(情侣、朋友、家人、同事)如何塑造群体形成与行走行为?
  • RQ4非对称的视线交互在多大程度上促成行人群体中的非牛顿行为?
  • RQ5所提出的非牛顿模型能否解释在不同社会角色下观察到的群体构型相变?

主要发现

  • 女性行走速度显著较慢(1065 ± 31 mm/s),且间距更近(766 ± 30 mm),而男性则为(1259 ± 16 mm/s,836 ± 17 mm)。
  • 工作出行者行走更快(1256 ± 14 mm/s),且保持更远间距(845 ± 19 mm),而休闲出行者为(1071 ± 18 mm/s,806 ± 24 mm)。
  • 情侣行走距离最近(644 ± 27 mm),且最常并排行走($x$ 概率密度函数峰值低于 0.3 m),表明存在强烈的空间协调性。
  • 同事行走最快(1253 ± 14 mm/s),间距最大(842 ± 18 mm),且并排行走距离最高(727 ± 12 mm)。
  • 朋友保持中等间距(785 ± 26 mm),且比家人更常并排行走;家人因有儿童存在,间距表现不规则。
  • 模型中的非对称视线交互(非牛顿特性)得到实证支持,表现为不同社会角色下群体形成与速度的显著差异。

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