[论文解读] The Field Structure of Vacuum, Maxwell Equations and Relativity Theory Aspects. Part 1

Anatoliy K. Prykarpatsky, Nikolai N. Bogolubov|ArXiv.org|Jul 23, 2008

Quantum Mechanics and Applications参考文献 12被引用 9

一句话总结

本文从真空场论的基本原理出发推导出麦克斯韦方程组，并探讨相对论性电动力学，将真空建模为具有标量势和矢量势的物理介质。它在不依赖惯性参考系假设的前提下，重新诠释了洛伦兹力与狭义相对论，提出了一种非惯性不变的表述形式，挑战了传统相对论的假设，并为真空结构与场动力学提供了新见解。

ABSTRACT

The nature of space-time and surrounding matter objects was and persists to be a one of the most intriguing and challenging problems facing the mankind and natural scientists especially. As we know one of the most brilliant inventions in physics of XIX-th century was combining of electricity and magnetism within the Faraday-Maxwell electromagnetism theory. This theory explained the main physical laws of light propagation in space-time and posed new questions concerning the nature of vacuum. Nonetheless, almost all attempts aiming to unveil the real state of art of the vacuum problem appeared to be unsuccessful in spite of new ideas suggested by Mach, Lorentz, Poincare, Einstein and some others physicists. Moreover, the non-usual way of treating the space-time devised by Einstein, in reality, favored to eclipsing both its nature and the related physical vacuum origin problems \cite{Fe,Ga,Ma,TW,Ba,BP}, reducing them to some physically unmotivated formal mathematical principles and recipes, combined in the well known special relativity theory (SRT). The SRT appeared to be adapted to the only inertial reference systems and faced with hard problems of the electromagnetic Lorentz forces explanation and relationships between inertial and gravity forces. The latter was artificially "dissolved" by means of the well known "equivalence" principle owing to which the "inertial" mass of a material object was postulated to coincide with its "gravity" mass. In work we try to unveil some nontrivial aspects of the real space-time and vacuum origin problems to derive from the natural field theory principles all of the well known Maxwell electromagnetism and relativity theories results, to show their relative or only visible coincidence with real physical phenomena and to feature new perspectives facing the modern fundamental physics.

研究动机与目标

• 从基本的场论原理出发重新推导麦克斯韦方程组，而非作为假设提出。
• 解决狭义相对论的局限性，特别是其对惯性参考系的依赖以及人为的等效原理。
• 将真空视为具有内在场结构的物理介质，通过标量势和矢量势的连续性与动力学方程进行研究。
• 在非惯性参考系中重新诠释洛伦兹力定律，表明其不具备不变性，并质疑标准相对论框架的合理性。
• 提出一种新的场论基础，用于电磁学与相对论，更真实地反映物理现实，避免引入非物理概念（如非欧几里得时空）

提出的方法

• 假设在三维欧几里得空间中存在一个光滑的四维矢量势 (W, A)，将真空建模为具有物理特性的场介质。
• 施加连续性条件：(1/c)(∂W/∂t) + ∇·A = 0，将标量势与矢量势联系起来。
• 引入标量势的动力学方程：(1/c²)(∂²W/∂t²) - ∇²W = ρ，表示真空中的线性扰动。
• 将电场定义为 E = - (1/c)(∂A/∂t) - ∇W，磁场定义为 B = ∇×A。
• 通过连续性方程与动力学方程的组合，推导出第一个麦克斯韦方程：∇·E = ρ。
• 对电场定义式取旋度运算，得到 ∂B/∂t - c(∇×E) = 0，从而导出第二个麦克斯韦方程。

实验结果

研究问题

• RQ1 麦克斯韦方程组能否在不假设的前提下，仅从真空场论的基本原理推导得出？
• RQ2 洛伦兹力在非惯性参考系中如何变换？为何其不具备不变性？
• RQ3 真空的物理本质是什么？如何将其建模为具有内在动力学的场介质？
• RQ4 为何标准狭义相对论框架无法一致地解释惯性力与引力？
• RQ5 场论化的真空模型能否导致电磁学与相对论更符合物理现实的表述？

主要发现

• 麦克斯韦方程组通过真空势场的连续性与动力学方程从基本原理推导得出。
• 电场定义为 E = - (1/c)(∂A/∂t) - ∇W，磁场定义为 B = ∇×A，与标准电磁学一致。
• 第一个麦克斯韦方程 ∇·E = ρ 直接由连续性方程与动力学方程的组合推导得出。
• 第二个麦克斯韦方程 ∂B/∂t - c(∇×E) = 0 通过电场定义式取旋度运算获得。
• 经典洛伦兹力表达式在非惯性参考系变换下被证明不具备不变性，从而对狭义相对论的基础构成挑战。
• 本文认为，洛伦兹力缺乏不变性以及对惯性参考系的依赖，导致人为引入了长度收缩、时间膨胀等概念，以及诸如黑洞和非欧几里得时空等非物理概念。