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[论文解读] The GeV-TeV Galactic gamma-ray diffuse emission I. Uncertainties in the predictions of the hadronic component

Timur Delahaye, A. Fiaßon|SPIRE - Sciences Po Institutional REpository|Feb 3, 2011
Dark Matter and Cosmic Phenomena参考文献 62被引用 21
一句话总结

本文使用半解析的双区扩散/对流模型研究了银河系GeV-TeV伽马射线弥散辐射中强子成分的不确定性。研究发现,宇宙射线扩散晕的厚度以及超新星遗迹的径向分布是理论不确定性的主要来源,前者可导致伽马射线通量变化达±12%,而核截面和地球处原初宇宙射线通量也显著贡献于不确定性。

ABSTRACT

The Galactic gamma-ray diffuse emission is currently observed in the GeV-TeV energy range with unprecedented accuracy by the Fermi satellite. Understanding this component is crucial as it provides a background to many different signals such as extragalactic sources or annihilating dark matter. It is timely to reinvestigate how it is calculated and to assess the various uncertainties which are likely to affect the accuracy of the predictions. The Galactic gamma-ray diffuse emission is mostly produced above a few GeV by the interactions of cosmic ray primaries impinging on the interstellar material. The theoretical error on that component is derived by exploring various potential sources of uncertainty. Particular attention is paid to cosmic ray propagation. Nuclear cross sections, the proton and helium fluxes at the Earth, the Galactic radial profile of supernova remnants and the hydrogen distribution can also severely affect the signal. The propagation of cosmic ray species throughout the Galaxy is described in the framework of a semi-analytic two-zone diffusion/convection model. This allows to convert the constraints set by the boron-to-carbon data into a theoretical uncertainty on the diffuse emission. New deconvolutions of the HI and CO sky maps are also used to get the hydrogen distribution within the Galaxy. The thickness of the cosmic ray diffusive halo is found to have a significant effect on the Galactic gamma-ray diffuse emission while the interplay between diffusion and convection has little influence on the signal. The uncertainties related to nuclear cross sections and to the primary cosmic ray fluxes at the Earth are significant. The radial distribution of supernova remnants along the Galactic plane turns out to be a key ingredient. As expected, the predictions are extremely sensitive to the spatial distribution of hydrogen within the Milky Way.

研究动机与目标

  • 评估在GeV-TeV能量范围内预测银河系弥散伽马射线辐射中强子成分的理论不确定性。
  • 评估宇宙射线传播参数(尤其是扩散与对流)对预测伽马射线通量的影响。
  • 研究核截面、地球处原初宇宙射线通量以及星际氢空间分布的不确定性对预测结果的影响。
  • 确定伽马射线通量对超新星遗迹径向分布及宇宙射线扩散晕厚度的敏感性。
  • 通过识别最需改进约束的关键参数,为未来观测与理论研究提供指导。

提出的方法

  • 采用半解析的双区扩散/对流模型描述银河系内宇宙射线传播,实现伽马射线通量的快速可靠计算。
  • 模型包含关键参数的变动:扩散系数的归一化值与能谱指数、对流速度,以及宇宙射线扩散晕的厚度(L)与径向范围。
  • 利用B/C比约束推导宇宙射线传播模型的理论不确定性边界,确保与观测数据一致。
  • 应用HI与CO天图的新反卷积方法,推导出包含X_CO转换因子的改进型三维星际氢分布。
  • 通过宇宙射线质子与氦核与星际气体的强子相互作用计算伽马射线通量,使用更新的核截面数据。
  • 对每个参数进行系统性变化,以量化其对预测弥散伽马射线发射的单独与联合影响。

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1宇宙射线传播参数的不确定性(尤其是扩散晕厚度与对流速度)在多大程度上影响银河系弥散伽马射线辐射的预测?
  • RQ2核截面与地球处原初宇宙射线通量的变化在多大程度上影响预测的强子伽马射线通量?
  • RQ3伽马射线通量对银道面方向超新星遗迹假设径向分布的敏感性如何?
  • RQ4基于HI与CO图得到的三维星际氢分布如何影响预测的伽马射线发射?
  • RQ5在弥散伽马射线背景的强子成分中,哪些参数主导理论不确定性?

主要发现

  • 宇宙射线扩散晕厚度(L)对伽马射线通量有显著影响,其变化可导致参考MED模型值上下波动达±12%。
  • 超新星遗迹的径向分布是主要不确定性来源,其在银心方向可引起通量变化达50%,在相反方向达70%。
  • 对流与扩散的联合效应适中,即使在亚GeV能量下,对流速度或扩散参数的变化也仅导致通量变化小于10%。
  • 核截面与地球处原初宇宙射线通量的归一化值显著贡献于理论不确定性,尽管其影响小于晕厚度或SNR分布。
  • 预测的伽马射线通量对三维氢分布极为敏感;在某些区域,由于HI/CO图处理方式不同,预测值与GALPROP结果相差达两倍。
  • 扩散晕的径向延伸对通量影响可忽略(≤6%),而其垂直厚度则作为宇宙射线相互作用的储库,作用显著。

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