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[论文解读] The Ground-state Inter-plane Superconducting Coherence Length of La$_{1.875}$Sr$_{0.125}$CuO$_4$ Measured by a "Xiometer"

Itay Mangel, Amit Keren|arXiv (Cornell University)|Aug 13, 2023
Physics of Superconductivity and Magnetism被引用 4
一句话总结

本文提出了一种名为'Xiometer'的新实验方法,利用长激励线圈在超导环中感应持久电流,直接测量铜氧化物中的基态层间相干长度ξc。该方法应用于La1.875Sr0.125CuO4,在T → 0 K时测得ξc = 1.3 ± 0.1 nm,表明存在三维库珀对,与先前的Hc2外推结果一致,但挑战了以往认为高度各向异性、准二维配对的假设。

ABSTRACT

A long excitation coil piercing a superconducting (SC) ring is used to generate ever increasing persistent current in the ring, until the current destroys the order parameter. Given that the penetration depth $λ$ is known, this experiment measures, hypothetically, the coherence length $ξ$, hence the name "Xiometer". We examine various aspects of this theoretically driven hypothesis by testing niobium rings with different dimensions, and by comparing the results to the known values of $ξ$. We then apply the method to two La$_{1.875}$Sr$_{0.125}$CuO$_4$ rings at $T ightarrow 0$. In one, the current flows in the CuO$_2$ planes hence it is set by $ξ_{ab}$. In the other, the current must cross planes and is determined by $ξ_{c}$. We find that $ξ_{c}=1.3 \pm 0.1$~nm, and $ξ_{ab}<2.3~$nm indicating that at low temperatures the Cooper pairs are three dimensional.

研究动机与目标

  • 开发并验证一种用于测量体超导体中相干长度ξ的新实验方法,尤其针对在c方向上测量困难的区域。
  • 利用已知ξ和λ的铌环测试'Xiometer'理论框架的准确性。
  • 将Xiometer应用于低温(T = 1.6 K)下高度各向异性的铜氧化物La1.875Sr0.125CuO4,测量ξc和ξab。
  • 确定LSCO-1/8中的库珀对是否为三维或高度各向异性,以解决铜氧化物超导性中的一个关键开放问题。
  • 提供T → 0 K时ξc的直接、实验验证测量结果,避免Hc2外推方法带来的不确定性。

提出的方法

  • Xiometer使用一根长的超导激励线圈(EC)贯穿超导环,产生可调磁通,从而感应持久电流。
  • 通过SQUID梯度仪测量临界电流Ic,即超导序参量被破坏时的电流,检测环磁矩随EC电流的变化。
  • 临界磁通Φc通过磁矩偏离线性的点确定,该点表示涡旋进入并导致序参量抑制。
  • 该方法基于从伦敦-金兹堡-朗道理论推导出的关系式Φc ∝ (λξ) r_out²,其中λ为穿透深度,ξ为相干长度。
  • 对于高度h ≥ r_out的环,外半径r_out主导临界磁通,使分析简化为仅依赖于r_out和λξ乘积。
  • 该方法首先在已知λ = 38 nm和ξ = 39 nm的铌环上进行验证,结果与理论和文献值高度一致。
Figure 1: Experimental setup: (a) A niobium ring on a SC excitation coil (photo), an illustration of the gradiometer, and the external coil that serves as a shim. (b) Niobium rings with different inner radii (up), outer radii (middle), and different height (down).
Figure 1: Experimental setup: (a) A niobium ring on a SC excitation coil (photo), an illustration of the gradiometer, and the external coil that serves as a shim. (b) Niobium rings with different inner radii (up), outer radii (middle), and different height (down).

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1Xiometer方法能否可靠地测量具有已知λ和ξ的超导体中的基态相干长度ξ?
  • RQ2La1.875Sr0.125CuO4在T → 0 K时的层间相干长度ξc是多少?其与ξab相比如何?
  • RQ3LSCO-1/8中的库珀对是三维的还是高度各向异性的,如ξc/ξab比值所示?
  • RQ4Xiometer测得的结果是否与Hc2外推结果一致,特别是与磁通压缩方法得出的有争议的0.86 nm值?
  • RQ5Xiometer能否在不依赖高温外推的情况下,解决铜氧化物中库珀对维度的根本问题?

主要发现

  • Xiometer方法在铌环上的验证结果表明,测得的λξ = 1267 ± 32.5 nm²,接近文献值1482 nm²,证实了其可靠性。
  • 在LSCO-1/8的a环中,电流主要沿c方向流动,观察到2.2 A的临界电流,表明超电流流动被破坏。
  • 利用λc = 4500 nm和a环测得的临界磁通,确定在T = 1.6 K时的层间相干长度为ξc = 1.3 ± 0.1 nm。
  • 通过λab = 350 nm和相同方法,确定ξab < 2.3 nm的上限,表明ab平面配对也具有短程特性。
  • 测得的ξc = 1.3 ± 0.1 nm与先前报道的Hc2 = 250 T外推结果(ξc ≈ 1.3 nm)高度一致,支持了该结果的有效性。
  • 结果表明,LSCO-1/8中的库珀对比以往认为的更具有三维特性,ξc ≈ ξab,挑战了传统认为高度各向异性、准二维配对的观点。
Figure 2: Raw data. Main: The squid output voltage $V$ as a function of the relative position $z$ of a Nb ring and coil to the gradiometer center. The EC current is $10.0$ mA, $T=1.6$ K, and the ring dimensions are: $r_{in}=1.0$ mm, $r_{out}=1.75$ mm, and $h=1.0$ mm. Red spheres is the EC signal wit
Figure 2: Raw data. Main: The squid output voltage $V$ as a function of the relative position $z$ of a Nb ring and coil to the gradiometer center. The EC current is $10.0$ mA, $T=1.6$ K, and the ring dimensions are: $r_{in}=1.0$ mm, $r_{out}=1.75$ mm, and $h=1.0$ mm. Red spheres is the EC signal wit

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