[论文解读] The Hamburg/ESO R-process Enhanced Star survey (HERES) X. HE 2252-4225, one more r-process enhanced and actinide-boost halo star
本研究利用高分辨率VLT/UVES光谱对极低金属量巨星HE 2252–4225进行了详细的丰度分析,确认其为r-过程增强的晕星,[r/Fe] = +0.80。该星表现出锕系元素增强,Th/Eu比值异常偏高,导致其年龄估计值为1.5 ± 1.5 Gyr,使其成为少数具有增强锕系元素的r-II型星之一,支持了早期银河系核合成事件中存在多样r-过程产物的结论。
We report on a detailed abundance analysis of the r-process enhanced giant star, HE 2252-4225 ([Fe/H] = -2.63, [r/Fe] = 0.80). Determination of stellar parameters and element abundances was based on analysis of high-quality VLT/UVES spectra. The surface gravity was calculated from the NLTE ionisation balance between Fe I and Fe II. Accurate abundances were determined for a total of 38 elements, including 22 neutron-capture elements beyond Sr and up to Th. This object is deficient in carbon, as expected for a giant star with Teff < 4800 K. The stellar Na-Zn abundances are well fitted by the yields of a single supernova of 14.4 Msun. For the neutron-capture elements in the Sr-Ru, Ba-Yb, and Os-Ir regions, the abundance pattern of HE 2252-4225 is in excellent agreement with the average abundance pattern of the strongly r-process enhanced stars CS 22892-052, CS 31082-001, HE 1219-0312, and HE 1523-091. This suggests a common origin of the first, second, and third r-process peak elements in HE 2252-4225 in the classical r-process. We tested the solar r-process pattern based on the most recent s-process calculations of Bisterzo et al. (2014) and found that elements in the range from Ba to Ir match it very well. No firm conclusion can be drawn about the relationship between the fisrt neutron-capture peak elements, Sr to Ru, in HE 2252-4225 and the solar r-process, due to the uncertainty in the solar r-process. The investigated star has an anomalously high Th/Eu abundance ratio, so that radioactive age dating results in a stellar age of tau = 1.5+-1.5 Gyr that is not expected for a very metal-poor halo star.
研究动机与目标
- 利用高分辨率光谱测定极低金属量巨星HE 2252–4225的精确恒星参数和元素丰度。
- 研究HE 2252–4225中中子俘获元素的起源,并将其丰度模式与基准r-II型星进行比较。
- 评估高Th/Eu比值对恒星年龄测定及r-过程核合成机制的影响。
- 评估HE 2252–4225的丰度模式是否与基于近期s-过程计算的太阳r-过程模式一致。
- 根据[ Sr/Eu ] < -0.8准则判断该星是否属于r-II类,以指示其起源于单一r-过程事件。
提出的方法
- 通过Fe I与Fe II谱线的非局部热动平衡(NLTE)电离平衡方法,确定恒星大气参数(T_eff, log g, [Fe/H], ξ_t)。
- 使用信噪比约50/像素(在4100 Å处)、分辨率R ~ 20,000的高质量VLT/UVES光谱进行丰度分析。
- 采用合成谱拟合与逐线分析法,测定从C到Th共38种元素的丰度。
- 应用NLTE电离平衡方法以推导表面重力,并确保丰度测定的一致性。
- 以基于近期s-过程计算(Bisterzo et al. 2014)的太阳r-过程模式作为比较参考。
- 基于标准r-过程产物假设,利用Th/Eu丰度比进行放射性年龄测定。
实验结果
研究问题
- RQ1极低金属量巨星HE 2252–4225的精确恒星参数和元素丰度是什么?
- RQ2HE 2252–4225中中子俘获元素的丰度模式是否与其它r-II型星一致,表明其起源于共同的r-过程?
- RQ3HE 2252–4225中高Th/Eu比值是否与单一r-过程事件一致,还是表明锕系元素的增强生成?
- RQ4基于近期s-过程计算(Bisterzo et al. 2014),HE 2252–4225中从Ba到Ir的观测丰度模式与太阳r-过程模式匹配程度如何?
- RQ5基于Th/Eu推导出的1.5 ± 1.5 Gyr年龄意味着该星的核合成历史及r-过程产物具有何种含义?
主要发现
- 通过Fe I与Fe II的NLTE电离平衡,确定HE 2252–4225的恒星参数为T_eff = 4710 K,log g = 1.65,[Fe/H] = -2.63,ξ_t = 1.7 km s⁻¹。
- 对38种元素的丰度测定精度极高,各元素的线间离散度≤0.12 dex,表明测量具有高可靠性。
- 该星为碳缺乏型,符合T_eff < 4800 K的巨星特征,其Na–Zn丰度模式可由14.4 M☉超新星产物良好拟合。
- HE 2252–4225中从Sr到Ir的丰度模式与r-II型星的平均模式高度一致,表明其起源于经典r-过程。
- HE 2252–4225中Ba–Ir的丰度模式与基于近期s-过程计算(Bisterzo et al. 2014)的太阳r-过程模式非常吻合。
- 异常高的Th/Eu比值导致推导出的恒星年龄为1.5 ± 1.5 Gyr,与极低金属量晕星的预期年龄不符,确认其为锕系元素增强星。
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