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[论文解读] The importance of corner sharpness in the BARC test case: a numerical study

Alessandro Chiarini, Maurizio Quadrio|arXiv (Cornell University)|Sep 8, 2021
Fluid Dynamics and Turbulent Flows被引用 4
一句话总结

本研究通过在Re=3000条件下进行直接数值模拟(DNS),探究了前缘拐角锐度对BARC流动基准的影响。通过对比圆角与尖锐拐角,并应用解析的Stokes解来校正奇异点附近的数值不准确性,作者发现拐角几何形状显著影响回流区大小和湍流动能分布,其中更尖锐的拐角能实现更优的流线对齐效果并产生稍小的涡旋。

ABSTRACT

The BARC flow is studied via Direct Numerical Simulation at a relatively low turbulent Reynolds number, with focus on the geometrical representation of the leading-edge (LE) corners. The study contributes to further our understanding of the discrepancies between existing numerical and experimental BARC data. In a first part, rounded LE corners with small curvature radii are considered. Results show that a small amount of rounding does not lead to abrupt changes of the mean fields, but that the effects increase with the curvature radius. The shear layer separates from the rounded LE at a lower angle, which reduces the size of the main recirculating region over the cylinder side. In contrast, the longitudinal size of the recirculating region behind the trailing edge (TE) increases, as the TE shear layer is accelerated. The effect of the curvature radii on the turbulent kinetic energy and on its production, dissipation and transport are addressed. The present results should be contrasted with the recent work of Rocchio et al, JWEIA 2020, who found via implicit Large-Eddy Simulations at larger Reynolds numbers than even a small curvature radius leads to significant changes of the mean flow. In a second part, the LE corners are fully sharp and the exact analytical solution of the Stokes problem in the neighborhood of the corner is used to locally restore the solution accuracy degraded by the singularity. Changes in the mean flow reveal that the analytical correction leads to streamlines that better follow the corners. The flow separates from the LE with a lower angle, resulting in a slightly smaller recirculating region. The corner-correction approach is valuable in general, and is expected to help developing high-quality numerical simulations at the high Reynolds numbers typical of the experiments with reasonable meshing requirements.

研究动机与目标

  • 探究几何缺陷——特别是前缘(LE)拐角的圆角——对BARC基准中平均流动和湍流的影响。
  • 通过考察拐角圆化与数值奇点的作用,解决实验与数值数据之间的差异。
  • 开发并应用基于Stokes问题的解析校正方法,以恢复DNS中尖锐前缘拐角附近解的准确性。
  • 评估拐角几何形状是否可解释现有实验与数值BARC数据中部分离散性。

提出的方法

  • 使用高空间分辨率的有限差分代码,在Re=3000条件下对BARC流动执行直接数值模拟(DNS)。
  • 模拟两种前缘圆角情况:r/D = 1/128 和 r/D = 64,以评估曲率半径增大的影响。
  • 在尖锐拐角附近应用Stokes流动问题的解析解,对数值解进行校正。
  • 利用该校正方法,强制使局部平面速度分量满足Stokes方程,从而提升拐角附近的计算精度。
  • 比较尖锐、圆角及校正后情况下的平均流动场、回流区尺寸以及湍流动能(TKE)预算。
  • 分析TKE的生成、耗散与输运项,以理解湍流活动变化背后的机制。

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1前缘拐角处的微小圆化如何影响BARC流动中主要回流区的尺寸与形状?
  • RQ2曲率半径增大的影响是什么?其对回流区的纵向与垂直范围以及尾迹结构有何影响?
  • RQ3拐角圆化如何影响沿圆柱侧壁的湍流动能(TKE)分布与输运?
  • RQ4在尖锐拐角附近使用解析的Stokes解在多大程度上提升了DNS结果的准确性?
  • RQ5为何先前在更高雷诺数下的LES研究报告了拐角微小圆化即引发流动特征的突变,而本DNS研究却发现影响是渐进的?

主要发现

  • 微小圆化(r/D = 1/128)不会引起平均流动的突变,但会逐渐减小圆柱侧壁上主要回流区的尺寸。
  • 随着曲率半径增大,剪切层在更低的分离角处从前缘分离,从而减小了主回流泡的垂直与纵向范围。
  • 前缘拐角的圆化略微增加了尾缘(TE)回流区的纵向尺寸,这是由于尾缘剪切层加速所致。
  • 在圆角情况下,湍流动能(TKE)在下游略有延迟,圆柱前半段TKE减小,后半段则因生成率相对耗散率增加而略有上升。
  • 基于Stokes解的解析校正可使流线更好地与圆柱侧壁对齐,导致分离角更平缓,回流区尺寸略微减小。
  • 该校正方法在粗网格模拟中最为有效,可在保持奇异点附近高精度的同时显著降低计算成本。

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