[论文解读] The interstellar cold dust observed by COBE
本文利用COBE任务的DIRBE和FIRAS仪器分析高纬度尘埃发射,发现约15 K的冷尘成分与分子云相关,尤其在如御夫座等宁静区域。研究排除了约7 K的极冷成分存在的必要性,表明温暖和冷尘成分共同可完全再现观测到的远红外谱,无需额外的冷发射成分。
Using DIRBE and FIRAS maps at high latitude ($|b|>10^{\circ}$) we derive the spatial distribution of the dust temperature associated with the diffuse cirrus and the dense molecular clouds. For a $ν^2$ emissivity law, we find that the equilibrium dust temperature of the cirrus is about 17.5 K with only small variations over the high latitude sky. Comparison of the far Infrared DIRBE maps shows the presence of a colder emission component with a temperature around 15 K, assuming a $ν^2$ emissivity law. The lowest values of the temperature found in the cold regions ($\sim 13 K$) are compatible with the results recently obtained for dense cores in star forming regions by the balloon-borne experiment SPM-PRONAOS (Ristorcelli et al., 1996, 1998, Serra et al., 1997). This cold component is in particular present in the direction of known molecular complexes with low star forming activity such as Taurus. The association between the cold component and molecular clouds is further demonstrated by the fact that all sky pixels with significant cold emission have an excess IR emission with respect to the high latitude IR/HI correlation. We have deduced a threshold value of the column density, $N_{HI} = 2.5 10^{20} H/cm^2$, below which cold dust is not detected within the FIRAS beam of $\sim 7\degr$. We have re-examined the problem of the existence of a very cold dust component ($T \sim 7 K$) by combining DIRBE maps of the cold emission with FIRAS spectra, corrected for the isotropic component found in Puget et al. (1996). The warm and cold component deduced from the analysis of DIRBE maps account for the Galactic FIRAS spectra with no need for a very cold component ($T\sim7$ K).
研究动机与目标
- 确定银河系弥散相和致密相星际介质中星际尘埃的空间分布与温度。
- 利用COBE数据研究星际介质中极冷尘成分(约7 K)的存在性。
- 评估冷尘发射与分子云的关联性,特别关注低恒星形成活动区域。
- 利用校正后的FIRAS数据和DIRBE图谱重新评估远红外谱能分布。
- 确定在银河平面内探测冷尘的柱密度阈值。
提出的方法
- 分析|b| > 10°的高纬度DIRBE和FIRAS图谱,以隔离弥散和冷尘发射。
- 假设ν²发射率定律,从谱能分布推导尘埃温度。
- 比较远红外DIRBE图谱,识别主卷云成分之外的更冷发射成分。
- 利用Puget等人(1996)的结果,对FIRAS谱进行各向同性成分校正。
- 将相对于HI相关性的红外发射过剩作为分子云关联的示踪。
- 推导出在FIRAS波束(约7°)内可探测冷尘的柱密度阈值(N_HI = 2.5 × 10²⁰ H/cm²)。
实验结果
研究问题
- RQ1COBE观测到的高纬度星际介质中,冷尘的空间分布与温度如何?
- RQ2是否存在先前研究提出的约7 K极冷尘成分的证据?
- RQ3冷尘成分与分子云的关系如何,特别是在低恒星形成活动区域?
- RQ4DIRBE图谱中观测到的暖尘与冷尘成分在多大程度上能解释完整的FIRAS谱?
- RQ5在FIRAS波束内,冷尘可探测的最小HI柱密度是多少?
主要发现
- 弥散卷云成分的平衡尘埃温度约为17.5 K,高纬度天空中变化极小。
- 在DIRBE图谱中检测到约15 K的更冷尘埃成分,尤其在御夫座等低恒星形成活动区域。
- 观测到的最冷尘埃温度约为13 K,与SPM-PRONAOS高空气球实验在致密核区的测量结果一致。
- 所有具有显著冷发射的天区像素均显示相对于高纬度IR/HI相关性的红外发射过剩,证实其与分子云的关联性。
- 确定了在N_HI = 2.5 × 10²⁰ H/cm²以下,冷尘在FIRAS波束内不可探测的阈值。
- DIRBE图谱中暖尘与冷尘成分的组合可完全解释银河系FIRAS谱,无需引入约7 K的极冷成分。
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