[论文解读] The outer hair cell of the organ of Corti possesses a voltage-dependent motile frequency response: evidence for the frequency-dependent compliance of prestin
本研究表明,外毛细胞(OHCs)由于 prestin 的频率依赖性顺应性,表现出电压依赖性的运动频率响应,其电磁动(eM)在约1.5 kHz以上、半激活电压(Vh)处衰减。该响应在保持电压上呈U形依赖关系,偏离 Vh 时响应可增强六倍,其最佳解释为粘性阻尼与 prestin 的构象动力学共同作用,而非仅由刚度或简单粘滞性决定。
The outer hair cell (OHC) of the organ of Corti underlies a mechanically based process that enhances hearing, termed cochlear amplification. The cell possesses a unique motor protein, prestin, which senses voltage and consequently changes conformation to cause large cell length changes, termed electromotility (eM). In OHCs studied in vitro, the prestin voltage sensor generates a capacitance that is both voltage and frequency dependent, peaking in magnitude at a characteristic membrane voltage (Vh), which can be greater than the linear capacitance of the cell. Consequently, the OHC membrane time constant is multifarious depending upon resting potential and frequency of AC evaluation. After precisely correcting for this influence on the whole-cell voltage clamp time constant, we find that OHC eM is low pass in nature, substantially attenuating in magnitude within the frequency bandwidth of human speech. The frequency response is slowest at Vh, with a cut-off near 1.5 kHz, but increases up to six-fold in a U shaped manner as holding voltage deviates from Vh. NLC measures follow this pattern. Viscous drag alone cannot account for such eM behavior; nor can it arise from viscous drag in combination with a sigmoidal voltage-dependent OHC stiffness. However, viscous drag combined with kinetics of prestin, likely corresponding to its bell-shaped conformational gating compliance (Iwasa, 2000), is in line with our observations. How OHC eM influences cochlear amplification at higher frequencies needs reconsideration.
研究动机与目标
- 研究器官基底膜中外毛细胞(OHCs)的频率依赖性运动行为。
- 确定电压和频率如何影响 OHC 电磁动(eM)及其潜在的生物物理机制。
- 解决高频下 eM 行为的矛盾,特别是与耳蜗放大的关系。
- 检验粘性阻尼、OHC 刚度或 prestin 动力学中哪一者最能解释观测到的 eM 频率响应。
- 阐明 prestin 的电压依赖性构象变化在塑造生理频率范围内 eM 动力学中的作用。
提出的方法
- 通过分离的 OHCs 进行全细胞膜片钳记录,测量电压依赖性电容和电磁动(eM)响应。
- 精确校正膜时间常数的频率和电压依赖性,以分离出内在的 eM 行为。
- 分析 eM 幅度随保持电压和刺激频率的变化,以确定频率响应特性。
- 将实验 eM 数据与包含粘性阻尼和 prestin 构象动力学的理论模型进行比较。
- 利用非线性电容(NLC)测量推断 prestin 顺应性的电压依赖性变化。
- 应用 Iwasa(2000)的 prestin 钟形构象门控顺应性模型,解释观测到的 eM 电压依赖性 U 形特征。
实验结果
研究问题
- RQ1保持电压如何影响外毛细胞电磁动的频率响应?
- RQ2prestin 的电压依赖性顺应性在塑造 OHC 运动频率响应中起什么作用?
- RQ3仅靠粘性阻尼能否解释 OHC 中观测到的低通滤波电磁动?
- RQ4为何电磁动表现出 U 形电压依赖性,且在偏离半激活电压(Vh)时响应最大?
- RQ5prestin 的构象动力学如何贡献于 OHC 电磁动的频率依赖性行为?
主要发现
- OHC 电磁动(eM)表现出低通频率响应,当保持在半激活电压(Vh)时,截止频率接近 1.5 kHz。
- eM 幅度在偏离 Vh 时可增至六倍,且在所有频率下均呈现 U 形依赖关系。
- 观测到的电压依赖性 eM 响应无法仅用粘性阻尼或 S 形电压依赖性 OHC 刚度来解释。
- 观测到的 eM 行为最符合粘性阻尼与 prestin 的钟形构象门控顺应性共同作用的模型,如 Iwasa(2000)所提出。
- eM 的频率响应强烈受 OHC 膜电压依赖性时间常数的影响,该因素在膜片钳实验中必须加以校正。
- 这些发现提示需重新评估 OHC eM 在较高频段(特别是人类语音频段)耳蜗放大的作用。
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