[论文解读] The radio-loud AGN population at z>~1 in the COSMOS field. I. Selection and Spectral Energy Distributions
本研究通过交叉匹配光学、红外和FIRST射电数据,在COSMOS场中选取了74个高红移(z ≳1)的射电噪活动星系核(RL AGN)。利用2SPD代码进行SED建模,发现该样本的射电光度范围为10^31.5至10^34.3 erg s⁻¹ Hz⁻¹,宿主星系的恒星质量为10^10至10^11.5 M⊙,尽管大多数显示为较老的恒星种群(约1–3 Gyr),但一半表现出与AGN或恒星形成相关的紫外和中红外过量,尘埃温度最高达1200 K,2000 Å处的紫外光度最高达10^45.5 erg s⁻¹。
We select a sample of radio galaxies at high redshifts (z>~1) in the COSMOS field, by cross-matching optical/infrared images with the FIRST radio data. The aim of this study is to explore the high-z radio-loud (RL) AGN population at much lower luminosities than the classical samples of distant radio sources and similar to those of the local population of radio galaxies. The wide multiwavelength coverage provided by the COSMOS survey allows us to derive their Spectral Energy Distributions (SEDs). The SED modeling with stellar and dust components (with our code 2SPD) returns several important quantities associated with the AGN and host properties. The final sample consists of 74 RL AGN, which extends the sample previously selected by Chiaberge et al. (2009) and studied by Baldi et al. (2013). The resulting photometric redshifts range from z~0.7 to 3. The sample mostly includes compact radio sources, but also 21 FRIIs; the radio power distribution of the sample at 1.4 GHz covers ~10^(31.5)-10^(34.3) \erg\s\Hz. The stellar mass of the hosts ranges ~10^(10)-10^(11.5) M_{sun}. The SEDs are dominated by the contribution from an old stellar population for most of the sources. UV and mid-IR (MIR) excesses are observed for half of the sample. The dust luminosities are in the range L_(dust) ~10^(43)-10^(45.5) erg/s (T ~350-1200 K). UV luminosities at 2000 A ranges ~10^(41.5)-10^(45.5) erg/s. UV emission is significantly correlated with both IR and radio luminosities, the former being the stronger link. However, the origin of UV and dust emission, whether it is produced by the AGN of by star formation, is still unclear. Our results show that this RL AGN population at high redshifts displays a wide variety of properties from possible quasars at the highest luminosities, to low-luminosity old galaxies, similarly to the local FRI-FRII dichotomy.
研究动机与目标
- 在COSMOS场中识别并表征一个代表性样本的高红移(z ≳1)射电噪AGN,以填补高红移射电星系光度函数中的空白。
- 探索在AGN反馈可能在星系演化中起关键作用的宇宙时期,AGN活动、宿主星系性质与射电光度之间的联系。
- 确定这些高红移RL AGN中紫外和中红外过量的起源,区分AGN与恒星形成各自的贡献。
提出的方法
- 将COSMOS巡天的光学和红外测光数据与FIRST 1.4 GHz射电数据交叉匹配,以识别高红移射电噪AGN。
- 应用包含老恒星种群和年轻恒星种群以及尘埃发射的2SPD SED建模技术,推导物理性质。
- 利用多波段SED拟合得到的光度红移约束源红移范围在z ∼ 0.7–3之间。
- 通过分析射电光度和形态,将源分类为低功率(LP)或高功率(HP),并与本地FR I和FR II射电星系进行比较。
- 通过与已知AGN和恒星形成星系模板比较光度、谱指数和尘埃温度,评估紫外和中红外过量的起源。
- 评估射电、紫外和红外光度之间的相关性,以推断多波段辐射的物理驱动机制。
实验结果
研究问题
- RQ1在从COSMOS场中选取的高红移(z ≳1)射电噪AGN样本中,射电光度、宿主星系恒星质量和红移的分布如何?
- RQ2这些高红移RL AGN中的紫外和中红外过量在多大程度上源于AGN而非恒星形成?尘埃温度如何为此提供信息?
- RQ3在恒星种群年龄、尘埃含量和光度方面,高红移RL AGN的SED特性与本地FR I和FR II射电星系相比如何?
- RQ4在该高红移样本中,射电光度与紫外或红外辐射之间相关性的强度和性质如何?
- RQ5观测到的SED多样性是否可由AGN主导、老恒星种群和恒星形成共同解释,还是需要额外的物理机制?
主要发现
- 该样本包含74个射电噪AGN,红移范围为z ∼ 0.7至3,通过交叉匹配COSMOS多波段数据与FIRST射电星表选出。
- 射电光度覆盖10^31.5至10^34.3 erg s⁻¹ Hz⁻¹,处于本地FR I/FR II过渡区域。
- 宿主星系的恒星质量在10^10至10^11.5 M⊙之间,大多数宿主具有约1–3 Gyr的较老恒星种群。
- 一半样本表现出显著的紫外和/或中红外过量,尘埃光度范围为10^43至10^45.5 erg s⁻¹,尘埃温度在350至1200 K之间。
- 2000 Å处的紫外光度范围为10^41.5至10^45.5 erg s⁻¹,与红外和射电光度显著相关,其中与红外光度的相关性更强。
- 紫外和MIR过量无法仅用恒星形成解释,表明存在AGN驱动的尘埃加热,尤其在高功率源中尘埃温度较高时更为明显。
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