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[论文解读] The Rise of AI Search: Implications for Information Markets and Human Judgement at Scale

Sinan Aral, Haiwen Li|arXiv (Cornell University)|Feb 13, 2026
Ethics and Social Impacts of AI被引用 0
一句话总结

该论文通过在2024年与2025年对243个国家重复运行相同的Google查询,分析全球对AI搜索的暴露,揭示AI搜索迅速扩张、受政策驱动的获取差距,以及对信息多样性、可信度和人类判断的影响。

ABSTRACT

We executed 24,000 search queries in 243 countries, generating 2.8 million AI and traditional search results in 2024 and 2025. We found a rapid global expansion of AI search and key trends that reflect important, previously hidden, policy decisions by AI companies that impact human exposure to AI search worldwide. From 2024 to 2025, overall exposure to Google AI Overviews (AIO) expanded from 7 to 229 countries, with surprising exclusions like France, Turkey, China and Cuba, which do not receive AI search results, even today. While only 1% of Covid search queries were answered by AI in 2024, over 66% of Covid queries were answered by AI in 2025 -- a 5600% increase signaling a clear policy shift on this critical health topic. Our results also show AI search surfaces significantly fewer long tail information sources, lower response variety, and significantly more low credibility and right- and center-leaning information sources, compared to traditional search, impacting the economic incentives to produce new information, market concentration in information production, and human judgment and decision-making at scale. The social and economic implications of these rapid changes in our information ecosystem necessitate a global debate about corporate and governmental policy related to AI search.

研究动机与目标

  • 衡量跨国家、主题与查询风格的全球AI搜索暴露情况。
  • 识别由政策驱动的获取与内容动态对AI搜索结果的影响。
  • 评估AI搜索对信息多样性、可信度与用户判断的影响。
  • 强调治理、经济与方法论含义,以为政策辩论提供依据。

提出的方法

  • 在2024年与2025年执行2.4万条Google搜索查询,生成280万条AI与传统搜索结果。
  • 使用serpAPI在243个国家对相同查询检索真实世界的AI与传统结果。
  • 从九个数据源抽样查询,并用LLM将查询标注为三种风格: Question(问题型)、Statement(陈述型)、或Navigational(导航型)。
  • 应用逻辑回归评估AI搜索暴露在国家、主题与查询风格上的方差。
  • 在时间与主题上比较AI与传统搜索结果的信息内容与来源可信度。
Figure 1 : .
Figure 1 : .

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1全球从2024到2025在国家与主题层面对AI搜索暴露的演变如何?
  • RQ2在何种程度上平台政策推动AI搜索暴露,而与用户查询行为无关?
  • RQ3AI搜索结果在内容多样性、来源可信度和政治倾向方面与传统搜索有何不同?
  • RQ4AI搜索对观点市场与在规模上的人类判断有何影响?

主要发现

  • 从2024到2025,AI暴露覆盖国家数量从7增至229。
  • 2025年法国、土耳其、中国与古巴仍然无AI搜索获取。
  • Covid相关查询在2024年AI答案比例为1%,到2025年升至66%(增长5600%)。
  • AI搜索呈现的长尾来源较少,回答的多样性低于传统搜索。
  • 与传统搜索相比,AI结果显示更低可信度的来源以及更多偏右/中间立场的来源。
  • AI摘要减少外部点击量;当引文可见时,即使不正确也可能提高信任度。
Figure 3 : Predictive Features and Information Content of AI Search Results. This figure displays ( A ) feature importance comparisons, as odds ratios, from a logistic regression trained on all country, topic and style features, in 2024 and 2025; ( B ) logistic regression prediction performance comp
Figure 3 : Predictive Features and Information Content of AI Search Results. This figure displays ( A ) feature importance comparisons, as odds ratios, from a logistic regression trained on all country, topic and style features, in 2024 and 2025; ( B ) logistic regression prediction performance comp

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