[论文解读] The stellar content of low redshift BL Lac host galaxies from multicolour imaging
本研究对18个低红移BL Lac宿主星系进行了多波段光学成像,揭示其B–H色指数比正常星等更蓝(3.5 ± 0.5),且颜色梯度分布比宁静椭圆星系更宽。结果表明,大多数宿主星系中存在年轻或中等年龄的恒星种群,暗示星系相互作用、恒星形成与核活动启动之间存在关联,且可能存在合并引发的恒星形成与活动星系核(AGN)激活之间的时滞。
We present B-band imaging of 18 low redshift (z<0.3) BL Lac objects for which their host galaxies were previously resolved in the R-band and the near-infrared H-band. For a subset of the objects, also U- and V-band imaging is presented. These data are used to investigate the blue-red-near-infrared colours and the colour gradients of the host galaxies of BL Lacs in comparison with other elliptical galaxies with and without nuclear activity. In all cases galaxies are well represented by an elliptical model, with average absolute magnitude M_B=-21.6+-0.7 and average scale length R_e=7.6+-3.2 kpc. The best-fit B-band Kormendy relation is in reasonable agreement with that obtained for normal ellipticals and radio galaxies. This structural and dynamical similarity indicates that all massive elliptical galaxies can experience nuclear activity without significant perturbation of their global structure. The distributions of the integrated blue/near-infrared colour (with average B-H=3.5+-0.5) and colour gradient (with average Delta(B-R)/Delta(log r)=-0.14+-0.75) of the BL Lac hosts are much wider than those for normal ellipticals, and most BL Lac objects have bluer hosts and/or steeper colour gradients than those in normal ellipticals. The blue colours are likely caused by a young stellar population component, and indicates a link between star formation caused by an interaction/merging event and the onset of the nuclear activity. This result is corroborated by stellar population modelling, indicating a presence of young/intermediate age populations in the majority of the sample, in agreement with low redshift quasar hosts. The lack of strong signs of interaction may require a significant time delay between the event with associated star formation episodes and the start of the nuclear activity.
研究动机与目标
- 利用多波段成像研究低红移BL Lac宿主星系的恒星成分与颜色特性。
- 确定BL Lac宿主星系在结构和光度特性上是否与正常椭圆星系及射电星系存在差异。
- 探讨由相互作用或并合触发的恒星形成与BL Lac天体核活动启动之间的关联。
- 评估尘埃与恒星种群年龄在塑造观测到的颜色梯度与总颜色中的作用。
- 评估在BL Lac宿主星系中,相互作用引发的恒星形成与活动星系核激活之间可能存在的时滞。
提出的方法
- 获取了18个低红移BL Lac天体(z ≤ 0.3)的高分辨率$B$-、$V$-、$U$-、$R$-和$H$-波段成像,其中9个和5个分别在$U$-和$V$-波段被观测。
- 使用de Vaucouleurs $r^{1/4}$模型进行表面亮度轮廓拟合,以表征宿主星系结构,并将PSF与宿主模型成分分离。
- 测量总$B$–$H$、$B$–$R$和$U$–$B$色指数及径向颜色梯度($\Delta(B-R)/\Delta(\log r)$),以探测恒星种群与尘埃分布。
- 利用有效半径($R_e$)与平均表面亮度($\mu_e$)构建$B$-波段Kormendy关系,以比较动力学结构与正常椭圆星系。
- 应用恒星种群合成模型以解释观测到的颜色,并推断年轻/中等年龄恒星种群的存在。
- 将观测到的颜色梯度与形态特征及伴星统计相关联,以评估相互作用的痕迹。
实验结果
研究问题
- RQ1低红移BL Lac天体的宿主星系是否表现出比正常椭圆星系更蓝的光学至近红外色指数?
- RQ2BL Lac宿主星系的颜色梯度是否比宁静椭圆星系更陡或更易变?这对其恒星种群有何含义?
- RQ3观测到的颜色特性与BL Lac宿主星系中近期恒星形成或相互作用事件之间存在何种关系?
- RQ4是否存在星系相互作用(触发恒星形成)与BL Lac天体核活动启动之间存在时滞的证据?
- RQ5BL Lac宿主星系的结构参数(绝对星等、有效半径)与非活动椭圆星系及射电星系相比如何?
主要发现
- 低红移BL Lacs的宿主星系为明亮的椭圆星系,平均$M_B = -21.6 \pm 0.7$,$R_e = 7.6 \pm 3.2$ kpc,与射电星系一致,表明其为质量大、动力学相似的系统。
- $B$-波段Kormendy关系中BL Lac宿主星系($\mu_e = 3.3 \log R_e + 18.4$)与正常椭圆星系及射电星系一致,表明核活动未引起显著结构扰动。
- 总$B$–$H$色指数为$3.5 \pm 0.5$,显著比典型老年恒星种群椭圆星系更蓝,表明存在非可忽略的年轻或中等年龄恒星贡献。
- 平均颜色梯度$\Delta(B-R)/\Delta(\log r) = -0.14 \pm 0.75$比正常椭圆星系更宽且更负,表明其广泛偏离老年恒星种群。
- 恒星种群合成模型证实,大多数样本中存在年轻/中等年龄种群,与低红移类星体宿主一致。
- 许多系统中缺乏明显的相互作用形态学迹象,暗示合并引发的恒星形成与AGN激活之间可能存在至少数百Myr的时滞。
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