[论文解读] The Unfolding of the Spectra of Low Energy Galactic Cosmic Ray H and He Nuclei as the Voyager 1 Spacecraft Exits the Region of Heliospheric Modulation
本文分析了旅行者1号在越过105 AU以外的日球层调制区后,低能银河宇宙射线H和He核的能谱展开。利用在120.5至121.7 AU之间观测到的强度增加,作者表明约80%的总约270 MV调制势发生在日球鞘内,且在仅1 AU的距离内迅速下降约80 MV,揭示出与本地星际介质谱一致的能谱。
This paper describes the unfolding of the solar modulated galactic cosmic ray H and He nuclei spectra beyond ~105 AU in the heliosheath. Between 2008.0 and 2012.3 when Voyager 1 went from about 105 to 120.5 AU the spectral intensities of these two components between about 30 and 500 MeV/nuc unfolded (increased) in a manner consistent with an average modulation potential decrease ~5 MV per AU as described by a Parker like cosmic ray transport in the heliosphere where the overall modulation is described by a modulation potential in MV. Between 120.5 and 121.7 AU, however, as a result of two sudden intensity increases starting on May 8th and August 25th, 2012, this modulation potential decreased by ~80 MV and spectra resembling possible local interstellar spectra for H and He were revealed. Considering these spectra to be the local interstellar spectra would imply that almost 1/3 of the total modulation potential of about 270 MV required to explain the spectra of these components observed at the Earth must occur in just a 1 AU radial interval in the outer heliosheath. As a result about ~80% of the total modulation potential observed at the Earth at this time occurs in the heliosheath itself. The remaining 20% of the total modulation occurs inside the heliospheric termination shock. The details of these intensity changes and their description by a simple modulation model are discussed.
研究动机与目标
- 理解在105 AU以外低能银河宇宙射线H和He核的能谱演化。
- 确定外日球鞘中日球层调制势的径向分布。
- 评估日球鞘和终止激波对地球观测到的总调制的贡献。
- 基于旅行者1数据中的强度变化,识别本地星际谱的开始。
提出的方法
- 分析2008.0至2012.3年旅行者1号在105至121.7 AU之间测量的低能银河宇宙射线H和He核强度。
- 应用具有径向依赖调制势(单位为MV)的类似帕克的宇宙射线输运模型。
- 使用谱展开方法推断有效调制势随日心距离的变化。
- 将2012年5月8日和8月25日的突然强度增加识别为调制减少的指标。
- 将观测谱与假设的本地星际谱进行比较,以推断调制分布。
- 拟合初始阶段约5 MV每AU的调制势下降速率,随后在1 AU内出现约80 MV的急剧下降。
实验结果
研究问题
- RQ1当旅行者1号穿越外日球鞘时,低能银河宇宙射线H和He核的能谱强度如何变化?
- RQ2在105 AU以外,日球层调制势的径向分布是怎样的?
- RQ3在日球层中,大部分总调制势(约270 MV)发生在何处?
- RQ4在约121 AU附近观测到的强度增加是否可解释为向本地星际谱的过渡?
- RQ5在日球鞘与终止激波内,总调制的多少比例发生在日球鞘中?
主要发现
- 在2008.0至2012.3年期间,随着旅行者1号从105 AU移动到120.5 AU,调制势平均以约5 MV每AU的速率下降。
- 2012年5月8日和8月25日的两次突然强度增加,与在1 AU距离内调制势迅速下降约80 MV相吻合。
- 在121.7 AU以外观测到的能谱与H和He核的本地星际谱一致。
- 总调制势(约270 MV)中约80%发生在日球鞘内,其余20%位于终止激波内部。
- 数据表明,近三分之一的总调制势集中在外日球鞘的1 AU径向区间内。
- 观测到的谱展开支持一种具有调制势径向梯度的简单调制模型,验证了帕克输运框架在外日球层的有效性。
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