[论文解读] The VIPERS Multi-Lambda Survey. I. UV and NIR Observations, multi-color catalogues and photometric redshifts
本文介绍了来自VIPERS多波长巡天的多波长紫外(UV)和近红外(NIR)观测,结合GALEX与CFHT/WIRCam数据,在22–27 deg²的区域范围内生成了包含150万条源的测光星表,其测光红移具有高可靠性。该星表在i ∼ 23的极限下,典型精度达到σz ≤ 0.04,灾难性失败率η ≤ 2%,从而支持对0.5 ≤ z ≤ 1.2红移区间内星系演化及其环境依赖性的研究。
We present observations collected in the CFHTLS-VIPERS region in the ultraviolet (UV) with the GALEX satellite (far and near UV channels) and the near infrared with the CFHT/WIRCam camera ($K_s$-band) over an area of 22 and 27 deg$^2$, respectively. The depth of the photometry was optimized to measure the physical properties (e.g., SFR, stellar masses) of all the galaxies in the VIPERS spectroscopic survey. The large volume explored by VIPERS will enable a unique investigation of the relationship between the galaxy properties and their environment (density field and cosmic web) at high redshift (0.5 < z < 1.2). In this paper, we present the observations, the data reductions and the build-up of the multi-color catalogues. The CFHTLS-T0007 (gri-χ^2) images are used as reference to detect and measure the $K_s$-band photometry, while the T0007 u-selected sources are used as priors to perform the GALEX photometry based on a dedicated software (EMphot). Our final sample reaches $NUV_{AB}$~25 (at 5σ) and $K_{AB}$~22 (at 3σ). The large spectroscopic sample (~51,000 spectroscopic redshifts) allows us to highlight the robustness of our star/galaxy separation, and the reliability of our photometric redshifts with a typical accuracy $σ_z \le$ 0.04 and a catastrophic failure rate η < 2% down to i~23. We present various tests on the $K_s$ band completeness and photometric redshift accuracy by comparing with existing, overlapping deep photometric catalogues. Finally, we discuss the BzK sample of passive and active galaxies at high redshift and the evolution of galaxy morphology in the (NUV-r) vs (r-K_s) diagram at low redshift (z < 0.25) thanks to the high image quality of the CFHTLS. The images, catalogues and photometric redshifts for 1.5 million sources (down to $NUV \le$ 25 or $K_s \le$ 22) are released and available at this URL: http://cesam.lam.fr/vipers-mls/
研究动机与目标
- 在大区域范围内获取深紫外(GALEX)和近红外(WIRCam)多波长测光,以研究高红移星系的物理性质。
- 构建一个全面的多波段星表,包含一致的测光数据和测光红移,以支持星系性质的统计分析。
- 利用测光红移和多波长数据,研究0.5 ≤ z ≤ 1.2红移区间内星系性质与环境(密度场、宇宙网结构)之间的关系。
- 利用约51,000个红移的大型光谱样本作为校准,确保恒星/星系分离和测光红移的高可靠性。
- 向公众发布包含图像、星表和测光红移的完整数据集,覆盖150万条源,深度达到NUV ≤ 25和Ks ≤ 22。
提出的方法
- 紫外测光通过专用软件(EMphot)获得,利用CFHTLS场中T0007 u*-选源作为先验。
- 近红外Ks波段测光基于CFHTLS-T0007(gri-χ²)图像进行源检测和流量测量。
- 测光红移通过大规模VIPERS光谱样本(约51,000个红移)进行校准,以确保高精度和低灾难性失败率。
- 利用光谱样本验证恒星/星系分离,确认在全 magnitude 范围内分类结果可靠。
- 通过与重叠的深测光星表进行交叉匹配,测试完整性和测光红移精度。
- 对Ks波段数据应用BzK选源方法,以研究高红移星系群体。
实验结果
研究问题
- RQ1在0.5 ≤ z ≤ 1.2红移区间内,利用多波长测光能否实现高精度的测光红移?
- RQ2在VIPERS场中,Ks波段和紫外测光的完整性和可靠性如何,特别是在较暗星等下?
- RQ3多波段星表在高红移下能否有效恢复已知星系群体(如BzK被动星系和星暴星系)?
- RQ4环境(密度场、宇宙网结构)在z ∼ 1时在多大程度上影响星系性质?该影响通过测光红移和多波长数据得以揭示。
- RQ5紫外与近红外测光的结合能否为高红移星系提供可靠的恒星形成率和恒星质量估计?
主要发现
- 最终测光星表在NUV波段达到5σ深度为NUV_AB ∼ 25,在Ks波段达到3σ深度为K_AB ∼ 22。
- 测光红移在i ∼ 23的极限下,典型精度为σz ≤ 0.04,灾难性失败率η ≤ 2%,经由大型光谱样本验证。
- 恒星/星系分离结果稳健,与光谱红移对比确认了高可靠性。
- 该巡天生成了完整的BzK星暴星系样本,深度达Ks ∼ 22;BzK被动星系样本深度达Ks ∼ 20.7。
- CFHTLS的高图像质量使得在低红移(z ≤ 0.25)下,可在(NUV−r)与(r−Ks)图中详细研究星系形态。
- 包含150万条源的测光和测光红移数据集已公开发布,网址为http://cesam.lam.fr/vipers-mls/,供科学社区使用。
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