[论文解读] Thermodynamic and structural consensus principle predicts mature miRNA location and structure, categorizes conserved interspecies miRNA subgroups, and hints new possible mechanisms of miRNA maturization
本文提出一种热力学与结构共识原理,用于预测44个物种中成熟miRNA的位置与结构,准确率达79.4%,基于热力学与结构特征的跨物种保守性。该方法识别出保守的miRNA亚群,揭示动物与植物中物种特异的成熟机制,并提出超越序列保守性的新型生物物理规则,以解释miRNA加工过程。
Although conservation of thermodynamics is much less studied than of sequences and structures, thermodynamic details are biophysical features different from but as important as structural features. As a succession of previous research which revealed the important relationships between thermodynamic features and miRNA maturization, this article applies interspecies conservation of miRNA thermodynamics and structures to study miRNA maturization. According to a thermodynamic and structural consensus principle, miRBase is categorized by conservation subgroups, which imply various functions. These subgroups are divided without the introduction of functional information. This suggests the consistency between the two processes of miRNA maturization and functioning. Different from prevailing methods which predict extended miRNA precursors, a learning-based algorithm is proposed to predict ~22bp mature parts of 2780 test miRNA genes in 44 species with a rate of 79.4%. This is the first attempt of a general interspecies prediction of mature miRNAs. Suboptimal structures that most fit the consensus thermodynamic and structural profiles are chosen to improve structure prediction. Distribution of miRNA locations on corresponding pri-miRNA stem-loop structures is then studied. Existing research on Drosha cleavage site is not generally true across species. Instead, the distance between mature miRNA and center loop normalized by stem length is a more conserved structural feature in animals, and the normalized distance between mature miRNA and ss-RNA tail is the counterpart in plants. This suggests two possibly-updating mechanisms of miRNA maturization in animals and plants. All in all, conservations of thermodynamics together with other features are shown closely related to miRNA maturization.
研究动机与目标
- 识别在多样化物种中miRNA前体的保守热力学与结构特征。
- 开发一种可推广的方法,用于预测成熟miRNA的位置与结构,而无需依赖功能注释。
- 揭示miRNA成熟背后超越序列保守性的进化与生物物理原理。
- 通过揭示更保守的结构度量,挑战关于Drosha切割位点定位的既有假设。
- 基于保守的结构与热力学特征,提出动物与植物miRNA成熟的新型机制模型。
提出的方法
- 利用miRNA热力学与二级结构的跨物种保守性,将miRBase条目分类为功能性亚群,无需功能输入。
- 开发基于学习的算法,从前体结构中预测约22 bp的成熟miRNA序列,在44个物种的2780个基因中达到79.4%的准确率。
- 使用最接近共识热力学与结构特征的亚最优RNA二级结构,以提高预测的可靠性。
- 将成熟miRNA位置相对于发夹中心与单链RNA尾部进行归一化,以识别跨物种的保守结构地标。
- 分析pri-miRNA发夹结构的架构,比较动物与植物谱系中成熟miRNA位置模式的异同。
- 采用比较基因组学与热力学分析,推断miRNA加工过程中进化的约束条件。
实验结果
研究问题
- RQ1在多样化动物与植物物种的miRNA前体中,哪些热力学与结构特征是保守的?
- RQ2如何利用miRNA热力学与结构的跨物种保守性来预测成熟miRNA的位置与序列?
- RQ3Drosha切割位点位置是否普遍保守?是否存在更稳健的结构度量?
- RQ4哪些结构与热力学特征定义了保守miRNA的功能亚群?
- RQ5在动物与植物中,保守的结构与热力学模式所提示的miRNA成熟新机制是什么?
主要发现
- 该方法在44个物种的2780个基因中,对成熟miRNA序列的预测准确率达到79.4%,为首次实现跨物种的通用成熟miRNA预测。
- 保守的热力学与结构特征使无需先前功能注释即可将miRBase条目分类为功能上不同的亚群成为可能。
- 在动物中,成熟miRNA与发夹中心的距离(按发夹长度归一化)比Drosha切割位点位置更具保守性。
- 在植物中,成熟miRNA与单链RNA尾部的距离(按发夹长度归一化)比切割位点位置更具保守性。
- 本研究揭示了动物与植物中两种截然不同、可能需要更新的miRNA成熟机制,其依据为保守的热力学与结构特征。
- 热力学与结构特征的保守性与miRNA成熟密切相关,提示其加工效率与特异性的根本生物物理基础。
更好的研究,从现在开始
从阅读论文到最终审阅,大幅缩短您的研究时间。
无需绑定信用卡
本解读由 AI 生成,并经人工编辑审核。