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[论文解读] Thermoelectric signatures of the electron-phonon fluid in PtSn4

Chenguang Fu, Thomas Scaffidi|arXiv (Cornell University)|Feb 26, 2018
Thermodynamic and Structural Properties of Metals and Alloys参考文献 22被引用 16
一句话总结

本研究通过热电与输运测量,在狄拉克半金属PtSn4中识别出电子-声子流体的流体动力学行为。在约14 K附近观察到热电功率中的声子拖曳峰,并发现洛伦兹比低于索末菲值,证实了动量守恒与动量弛豫散射时间尺度的层级关系,这是黏性电子-声子流体动力学的关键特征。

ABSTRACT

In most materials, transport can be described by the motion of distinct species of quasiparticles, such as electrons and phonons. Strong interactions between quasiparticles, however, can lead to collective behaviour, including the possibility of viscous hydrodynamic flow. In the case of electrons and phonons, an electron-phonon fluid is expected to exhibit strong phonon-drag transport signatures and an anomalously low thermal conductivity. The Dirac semi-metal PtSn4 has a very low resistivity at low temperatures and shows a pronounced phonon drag peak in the low temperature thermopower; it is therefore an excellent candidate for hosting a hydrodynamic electron-phonon fluid. Here we report measurements of the temperature and magnetic field dependence of the longitudinal and Hall electrical resistivities, the thermopower and the thermal conductivity of PtSn4. We confirm a phonon drag peak in the thermopower near 14 K and observe a concurrent breakdown of the Lorenz ratio below the Sommerfeld value. Both of these facts are expected for an electron-phonon fluid with a quasi-conserved total momentum. A hierarchy between momentum-conserving and momentum-relaxing scattering timescales is corroborated through measurements of the magnetic field dependence of the electrical and Hall resistivity and of the thermal conductivity. These results show that PtSn4 exhibits key features of hydrodynamic transport.

研究动机与目标

  • 研究PtSn4在低温下是否表现出电子-声子流体动力学行为。
  • 识别集体电子-声子行为的热电特征,如声子拖曳效应和异常热输运。
  • 确定材料中动量守恒与动量弛豫散射过程之间的时序层级关系。
  • 检验强电子-声子耦合的狄拉克半金属中流体输运模型的有效性。

提出的方法

  • 测量纵向和霍尔电导率随温度和磁场的变化。
  • 量化热电功率以探测约14 K附近的声子拖曳效应。
  • 分析热导率以评估动量弛豫及偏离温尼-弗朗兹定律的程度。
  • 评估洛伦兹比偏离索末菲值的程度,以探测动量守恒的电子-声子散射。
  • 利用电阻率和热导率的磁场依赖性,区分动量守恒与动量弛豫散射机制。
  • 将实验数据与电子-声子流体的流体输运模型进行比较。

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1PtSn4在低温下是否在其热电功率中表现出声子拖曳效应,表明存在集体电子-声子行为?
  • RQ2洛伦兹比是否低于索末菲值,表明存在动量守恒的电子-声子散射?
  • RQ3PtSn4中动量守恒与动量弛豫散射过程的相对时间尺度层级关系如何?
  • RQ4电阻率和热导率的磁场依赖性是否能够区分流体输运与标准准粒子输运?
  • RQ5PtSn4在热电与热响应中表现出多大程度的流体输运特征?

主要发现

  • 在约14 K附近观察到热电功率中显著的声子拖曳峰,表明电子-声子耦合强烈,且表现出类似流体的集体行为。
  • 洛伦兹比在低于索末菲值时表现出异常偏低,证实了动量守恒的电子-声子散射的存在。
  • 纵向和霍尔电阻率的磁场依赖性揭示了动量守恒与动量弛豫散射时间尺度之间的层级关系。
  • 热导率测量支持存在寿命较长的电子-声子流体,且动量弛豫受到抑制。
  • 输运与热电数据的综合分析为PtSn4中存在流体输运提供了有力证据。
  • 结果确立了PtSn4作为低温下存在电子-声子流体动力学行为的材料体系。

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