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[论文解读] To Broad-Match or Not to Broad-Match : An Auctioneer's Dilemma ?

Sudhir Kumar Singh, Vwani Roychowdhury|ArXiv.org|Feb 14, 2008
Consumer Market Behavior and Pricing参考文献 22被引用 7
一句话总结

本文提出一个博弈论框架,用于分析广义匹配在赞助搜索广告中的战略影响,表明拍卖方面临两难:广义匹配可能增加或减少收入,具体取决于广告商行为和信息对称性。其主要贡献在于识别出广义匹配提升拍卖方收入的条件,特别是在拍卖方在信息不对称下控制预算分配时。

ABSTRACT

We initiate the study of an interesting aspect of sponsored search advertising, namely the consequences of broad match-a feature where an ad of an advertiser can be mapped to a broader range of relevant queries, and not necessarily to the particular keyword(s) that ad is associated with. Starting with a very natural setting for strategies available to the advertisers, and via a careful look through the algorithmic lens, we first propose solution concepts for the game originating from the strategic behavior of advertisers as they try to optimize their budget allocation across various keywords. Next, we consider two broad match scenarios based on factors such as information asymmetry between advertisers and the auctioneer, and the extent of auctioneer's control on the budget splitting. In the first scenario, the advertisers have the full information about broad match and relevant parameters, and can reapportion their own budgets to utilize the extra information; in particular, the auctioneer has no direct control over budget splitting. We show that, the same broad match may lead to different equilibria, one leading to a revenue improvement, whereas another to a revenue loss. This leaves the auctioneer in a dilemma - whether to broad-match or not. This motivates us to consider another broad match scenario, where the advertisers have information only about the current scenario, and the allocation of the budgets unspent in the current scenario is in the control of the auctioneer. We observe that the auctioneer can always improve his revenue by judiciously using broad match. Thus, information seems to be a double-edged sword for the auctioneer.

研究动机与目标

  • 正式研究广义匹配在赞助搜索广告中的经济后果,尽管其在业界具有重要意义,但此前尚未被系统分析。
  • 在广义匹配下,对广告商在关键词间预算分配的战略行为进行建模,尤其关注不同信息条件下的表现。
  • 识别广义匹配是否为拍卖方带来收入提升或损失,将其视为一种计算困境。
  • 研究广义匹配对社会福利的影响,以及由此产生的博弈中是否存在稳定均衡。
  • 构建一个捕捉关键词查询、预算拆分与广义匹配映射之间相互作用的框架。

提出的方法

  • 提出预算拆分博弈(BSG)模型,广告商在其中战略性地在关键词间分配预算,收益基于点击率和出价。
  • 引入两种情景:一种是广告商对广义匹配有完全信息(AdBM),另一种是信息有限且拍卖方控制预算拆分(AdBM-SC)。
  • 定义解概念,包括最佳响应匹配均衡(BME)和近似纳什均衡(ϵ-NE),以分析战略稳定性。
  • 使用广义匹配图(BMG)的图论表示法,建模关键词关系与查询映射。
  • 应用算法博弈论分析收入结果与均衡存在性,通过定理建立收入提升的条件。
  • 采用预言机模型(O)模拟拍卖方在对广义匹配质量缺乏确定性时的决策过程。

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1在何种条件下,广义匹配能为拍卖方带来收入提升?
  • RQ2广告商与拍卖方之间的信息不对称如何影响广义匹配的结果?
  • RQ3拍卖方能否战略性地控制预算分配,以确保广义匹配带来收入提升?
  • RQ4广义匹配质量与赞助搜索中的社会福利之间存在何种关系?
  • RQ5广义匹配博弈中是否存在稳定均衡(如BME或ϵ-NE),它们如何影响收入结果?

主要发现

  • 广义匹配可能为拍卖方带来收入提升或损失,具体取决于广告商的战略行为和信息可得性。
  • 当广告商对广义匹配有完全信息时,相同的广义匹配可能导致不同均衡——有些有利,有些有害——使拍卖方陷入战略困境。
  • 在拍卖方控制预算拆分且广告商缺乏完全信息的情境下,高质量的广义匹配始终能使拍卖方实现收入提升。
  • 由于收益函数不连续且非拟凹,广义匹配博弈中纯纳什均衡或ϵ-NE的存在性仍是开放问题。
  • 当广义匹配质量较低或与广告商偏好不匹配时,社会福利可能下降。
  • 该框架表明,总点击率作为收益指标可纳入同一抽象模型,暗示类似的战略动态同样适用。

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