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[论文解读] Topological classes of thermodynamics of rotating AdS black holes

Di Wu, Wu, Shuang-Qing|arXiv (Cornell University)|Jan 8, 2023
Black Holes and Theoretical Physics被引用 4
一句话总结

该论文将拓扑热力学扩展至旋转反 de Sitter (AdS) 黑洞,引入了一种源自广义亥姆霍兹自由能的拓扑不变量。研究发现,宇宙学常数显著改变了拓扑数,且 AdS 与渐近平坦黑洞的拓扑不变量之差恒为一,表明各类黑洞之间存在普遍模式。

ABSTRACT

In this paper, we extend our previous work [Phys. Rev. D 107, 024024 (2023)] to the more general cases with a negative cosmological constant, and investigate the topological numbers for the singly rotating Kerr-AdS black holes in all dimensions and the four-dimensional Kerr-Newman-AdS black hole as well as the three-dimensional Bañados-Teitelboim-Zanelli black hole. We find that the topological numbers of black holes are remarkably influenced by the cosmological constant. In addition, we also demonstrate that the dimension of spacetimes has an important effect on the topological number for rotating AdS black holes. Furthermore, it is interesting to observe that the difference between the topological number of the AdS black hole and that of its corresponding asymptotically flat black hole is always unity. This new observation leads us to conjure that it might be valid also for other black holes. Of course, this novel conjecture needs to be further verified by examining the topological numbers of many other black holes and their AdS counterparts in the future work.

研究动机与目标

  • 将拓扑热力学从静态黑洞扩展至 AdS 时空中的旋转黑洞。
  • 研究负宇宙学常数对旋转黑洞拓扑不变量的影响。
  • 考察时空维度在决定旋转 AdS 黑洞拓扑数中的作用。
  • 检验假设:AdS 黑洞的拓扑数恰好比其渐近平坦对应物大一。
  • 对多种黑洞解进行全面分析:d 维克尔-AdS、4D 克尔-纽曼-AdS 和 3D BTZ 黑洞。

提出的方法

  • 借鉴参考文献 PRL129-191101 的拓扑方法,将黑洞解视为拓扑热力学缺陷。
  • 构建广义非平衡态亥姆霍兹自由能 $\mathcal{F} = M - S/\tau $,其中 $\tau$ 为辅助变量。
  • 在由视界半径 $r_h$、温度 $\tau$ 及其他热力学变量构成的参数空间中,定义向量场 $\phi^i = \partial \mathcal{F}/\partial x^i $。
  • 通过向量场的布罗威尔度计算拓扑数 $W$,以带符号方式计数零点。
  • 将该方法应用于 d 维单旋转克尔-AdS、4D 克尔-纽曼-AdS 和 3D BTZ 黑洞(带电与不带电情形)。
  • 采用解析与数值技术定位向量场的零点,并计算卷绕数 $W$。
Figure 1: Zero points of the vector $\phi^{r_{h}}$ shown on the $r_{h}-\tau$ plane with $Pr_{0}^{2}=0.0022$ for the Schwarzschild-AdS 4 black hole. The annihilation point for this black hole is represented by the red dot with $\tau_{c}$ . There are two Schwarzschild-AdS 4 black holes when $\tau=\tau
Figure 1: Zero points of the vector $\phi^{r_{h}}$ shown on the $r_{h}-\tau$ plane with $Pr_{0}^{2}=0.0022$ for the Schwarzschild-AdS 4 black hole. The annihilation point for this black hole is represented by the red dot with $\tau_{c}$ . There are two Schwarzschild-AdS 4 black holes when $\tau=\tau

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1宇宙学常数如何影响旋转 AdS 黑洞的拓扑数?
  • RQ2时空维度在决定旋转 AdS 黑洞拓扑不变量中的作用是什么?
  • RQ3旋转 AdS 黑洞的拓扑数是否总是比其渐近平坦对应物大一?
  • RQ4电荷如何影响静态与旋转 AdS 黑洞的拓扑数?
  • RQ5旋转 AdS 黑洞的拓扑不变量是否为独立于物理参数的普遍常数?

主要发现

  • 四维克尔-AdS 黑洞的拓扑数为 $W = 0$,而其对应的渐近平坦克尔黑洞为 $W = -1$,差值恰好为一。
  • 对于 $d \geq 6$ 的单旋转克尔-AdS 黑洞,拓扑数为 $W = 1$,而对应平坦空间克尔黑洞为 $W = 0$,再次证实普遍差值为一。
  • 宇宙学常数对旋转 AdS 黑洞的拓扑数具有显著且非平凡的影响。
  • 时空维度起着关键作用:拓扑数随维度变化,尤其在高维($d \geq 6$)时表现明显。
  • 电荷不影响旋转 AdS 黑洞的拓扑数(例如克尔-AdS 与克尔-纽曼-AdS 具有相同的 $W$),但会影响静态 AdS 黑洞(例如带电 BTZ 的 $W = 0$,中性 BTZ 的 $W = 1$)。
  • 三维带电 BTZ 黑洞的拓扑数为 $W = 0$,而中性 BTZ 黑洞为 $W = 1$,表明电荷可在静态情况下改变拓扑不变量。
Figure 2: The red arrows represent the unit vector field $n$ on a portion of the $r_{h}-\Theta$ plane with $Pr_{0}^{2}=0.0022$ and $\tau/r_{0}=26$ for the Schwarzschild-AdS 4 black hole. The zero points (ZPs) marked with black dots are at $(r_{h}/r_{0},\Theta)=(3.36,\pi/2)$ , $(5.38,\pi/2)$ for ZP 1
Figure 2: The red arrows represent the unit vector field $n$ on a portion of the $r_{h}-\Theta$ plane with $Pr_{0}^{2}=0.0022$ and $\tau/r_{0}=26$ for the Schwarzschild-AdS 4 black hole. The zero points (ZPs) marked with black dots are at $(r_{h}/r_{0},\Theta)=(3.36,\pi/2)$ , $(5.38,\pi/2)$ for ZP 1

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