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[论文解读] Towards a theory of extremely intermittent pulsars II: Asteroids at a close distance

F. Mottez, S. Bonazzola|arXiv (Cornell University)|May 29, 2013
Astro and Planetary Science参考文献 18被引用 8
一句话总结

本文提出,极不规则的脉冲星PSR B1931+24与PSR J1841-0500的调制现象源于在光速圆柱体内运行的千米级小行星或碎片流,其产生的阿尔芬翼与脉冲星磁层相互作用。70天的开/关周期由这些轨道的近日点进动解释,而非轨道周期,该模型约束了轨道参数,使携带电流的阿尔芬翼能够通过干扰磁层活动导致间歇性现象。

ABSTRACT

We investigate whether there may be one or many companions orbiting at close distance to the light cylinder around the extremely intermittent pulsars PSR B1931+24 and PSR J1841-0500. These pulsars, behaving in a standard way when they are active, also "switch off" for durations of several days, during which their magnetospheric activity is interrupted or reduced. We constrained our analysis on eight fundamental properties of PSR B1931+24 that summarise the observations. We considered that the disruption/activation of the magnetospheric activity would be caused by the direct interaction of the star with the Alfv\'en wings emanating from the companions. We also considered the recurrence period of 70 days to be the period of precession of the periastron of the companions orbit. We analysed in which way the time scale of the "on/off" pseudo-cycle would be conditioned by the precession of the periastron and not by the orbital time scale, and we derived a set of orbital constraints that we solved. We then compared the model, based on PSR 1931+24, with the known properties of PSR 1841+0500. We conclude that PSR B1931+24 may be surrounded at a close distance to the star by a stream of small bodies of kilometric or sub-kilometric sizes that could originate from the tidal disruption of a body of moderate size that fell at a close distance to the neutron star on an initially very eccentric orbit. This scenario is also compatible with the properties of PSR J1841-0500, although the properties of PSR J1841-0500 are, by now, less constrained. These results raise new questions. Why are the asteroids not yet evaporated ? What kind of interaction can explain the disruption of the magnetospheric activity ? These questions are the object of two papers in preparation that will complete the present analysis.

研究动机与目标

  • 解释PSR B1931+24中70天准周期性开/关循环的成因,其原因并非轨道运动,而可能是近日点进动所致。
  • 研究在脉冲星附近极近距离处存在的小型、未探测到的天体(小行星或碎片)是否可通过阿尔芬翼电流调制磁层活动。
  • 推导出阿尔芬翼可抵达脉冲星极帽并干扰戈德赖希-朱利安电流的轨道约束条件,从而导致活动中断。
  • 评估此类天体通过脉冲星计时是否可探测,或是否可能在观测上保持隐藏。

提出的方法

  • 利用Mottez & Heyvaerts (2011b) 提供的解析表达式,模拟在脉冲星风和共转等离子体环境中,小天体(1–100 km)产生的阿尔芬翼电流。
  • 应用对PSR B1931+24的八个观测特性(P1–P8)施加约束,推导轨道参数,重点聚焦于70天的进动周期。
  • 利用轨道力学将70天的进动周期与半长轴和偏心率关联,通过公式(1)和(2)求解可行轨道。
  • 应用不等式约束(公式B.5),确定允许的倾角(i)与偏心率(e),使得开与关状态可共存。
  • 评估磁场几何结构与阿尔芬波传播,确保阿尔芬翼电流可抵达恒星极帽区域。
  • 将模型预测与观测到的电流水平(Kramer电流∆Ipc ≈ 8×10¹¹ A)进行比较,以验证阿尔芬翼机制的合理性。

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1PSR B1931+24中70天的开/关周期是否可由近距绕行天体的近日点进动解释,而非轨道运动?
  • RQ2哪些轨道参数(半长轴、偏心率、倾角)允许小天体产生的阿尔芬翼抵达脉冲星极帽并干扰磁层活动?
  • RQ3千米级或亚千米级天体在中子星附近是否能抵抗潮汐与蒸发作用而存活,并产生足够电流以解释观测到的活动中断?
  • RQ4观测到的电流调制(Kramer电流)是否与这类天体产生的阿尔芬翼电流一致?
  • RQ5此类天体是否可通过脉冲星计时探测到,或是否可能在观测上保持隐藏?

主要发现

  • PSR B1931+24中70天的开/关周期最合理的解释是:在光速圆柱体半径附近(Rlc ≈ 3.88×10⁷ m)绕行天体的近日点进动所致。
  • 半长轴0.9×10⁸ m < a < 1.0×10⁸ m、偏心率e < 0.9的轨道与开/关状态共存相容,受公式(B.5)约束。
  • 倾角i必须位于狭窄范围内,即imin(e) < i < imax(e),且随着偏心率e增加,imax(e)减小,以确保阿尔芬翼电流可抵达极帽区域。
  • 直径1–100 km的天体可产生与观测到的Kramer电流(∆Ipc ≈ 8×10¹¹ A)相当的阿尔芬翼电流,尤其在磁场被建模为共转时更为显著。
  • 该情景与PSR J1841-0500的特性一致,尽管约束较弱,提示类似机制可能在多个间歇性脉冲星中普遍存在。
  • 该模型表明,当光速圆柱体内天体产生的阿尔芬翼电流扰动极帽区域的戈德赖希-朱利安电流时,磁层活动即被中断。

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