[论文解读] Towards an AI-Driven Universal Anti-Jamming Solution with Convolutional Interference Cancellation Network
该论文提出了一种通用的、基于人工智能的抗干扰解决方案,采用卷积神经网络(CNN)在多天线系统中检测并消除强干扰信号,无需训练序列、信道估计或发射端协作。该方法在干扰信号比合法信号强18 dB的情况下,仍能实现超过99%的干扰检测准确率和低至10⁻⁶的误比特率(BER),展现出在不同调制方式和环境下的鲁棒性。
Wireless links are increasingly used to deliver critical services, while intentional interference (jamming) remains a very serious threat to such services. In this paper, we are concerned with the design and evaluation of a universal anti-jamming building block, that is agnostic to the specifics of the communication link and can therefore be combined with existing technologies. We believe that such a block should not require explicit probes, sounding, training sequences, channel estimation, or even the cooperation of the transmitter. To meet these requirements, we propose an approach that relies on advances in Machine Learning, and the promises of neural accelerators and software defined radios. We identify and address multiple challenges, resulting in a convolutional neural network architecture and models for a multi-antenna system to infer the existence of interference, the number of interfering emissions and their respective phases. This information is continuously fed into an algorithm that cancels the interfering signal. We develop a two-antenna prototype system and evaluate our jamming cancellation approach in various environment settings and modulation schemes using Software Defined Radio platforms. We demonstrate that the receiving node equipped with our approach can detect a jammer with over 99% of accuracy and achieve a Bit Error Rate (BER) as low as $10^{-6}$ even when the jammer power is nearly two orders of magnitude (18 dB) higher than the legitimate signal, and without requiring modifications to the link modulation. In non-adversarial settings, our approach can have other advantages such as detecting and mitigating collisions.
研究动机与目标
- 设计一种与通信链路具体细节无关的通用抗干扰基础模块,无需发射端协作或显式探测。
- 解决在真实无线环境中检测并消除强干扰信号(最高比信号电平高18 dB)的挑战。
- 开发一种基于机器学习的解决方案,无需训练序列、信道估计或对现有调制方案的修改。
- 通过软件定义无线电原型,在多种调制方式和传播环境中评估该方法。
- 证明利用深度学习实现实时、通用的物理层抗干扰在实际多天线系统中的可行性。
提出的方法
- 训练一种定制的卷积神经网络(CNN),以从原始射频信号中推断干扰的存在、干扰信号的数量及其相应的相位。
- CNN处理双天线接收机的基带I/Q样本,实时估计干扰特性。
- 将估计出的干扰参数输入实时取消算法,通过调整相位和幅度的零点抑制技术来抑制干扰信号。
- 系统无需训练序列、导频音或信道状态信息,完全依赖原始信号观测。
- 采用USRP软件定义无线电平台实现双天线SDR原型,以在真实环境中验证该方法。
- 在多样化信号配置下对CNN进行训练,以确保其在不同调制类型和传播条件下的泛化能力。
实验结果
研究问题
- RQ1深度学习模型能否在无需训练序列或信道估计的情况下,实时检测并表征多个干扰信号?
- RQ2基于CNN的方法在消除比合法信号强得多(最高达18 dB)的干扰信号方面效果如何?
- RQ3所提出的抗干扰系统在不同调制方式和传播环境中,能在多大程度上保持低误比特率?
- RQ4该系统能否在不修改调制或信令协议的前提下,实现对现有无线通信链路的通用适用?
- RQ5在非对抗性场景(如碰撞检测与缓解)中,该系统表现如何?
主要发现
- 所提出的基于CNN的抗干扰系统在多种测试配置下,对干扰存在的检测准确率超过99%。
- 即使干扰信号功率比合法信号高18 dB,系统仍能将误比特率(BER)保持在10⁻⁶的水平。
- 该方法在多种调制方式(包括QPSK、16-QAM和64-QAM)下均有效,且无需对链路的调制或信令方式做任何修改。
- 系统在多径环境中成功检测并缓解了干扰,证明其在非视 Line-of-Sight 条件下的鲁棒性。
- 该方法实现了无需训练序列、信道估计或发射端协作的通用抗干扰,可直接部署于现有无线系统。
- 在SDR平台上的原型实现验证了该方法在实际环境中的可行性与实时性能。
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