[论文解读] Towards Electronic Shopping of Composite Product

Mark Sh. Levin|arXiv (Cornell University)|Mar 3, 2012

Product Development and Customization参考文献 42被引用 3

一句话总结

本文提出一种基于分层形态多准则设计（HMMD）的复合（模块化）产品电子购物框架，支持多准则选择、组件组合合成及多个产品原型的聚合。通过整合序数优先级与兼容性估计，利用类似0-1背包问题和多重选择优化模型，生成以客户为中心的优化配置，并通过包括产品维修计划与轨迹在内的数值实例进行验证。

ABSTRACT

In the paper, frameworks for electronic shopping of composite (modular) products are described: (a) multicriteria selection (product is considered as a whole system, it is a traditional approach), (b) combinatorial synthesis (composition) of the product from its components, (c) aggregation of the product from several selected products/prototypes. The following product model is examined: (i) general tree-like structure, (ii) set of system parts/components (leaf nodes), (iii) design alternatives (DAs) for each component, (iv) ordinal priorities for DAs, and (v) estimates of compatibility between DAs for different components. The combinatorial synthesis is realized as morphological design of a composite (modular) product or an extended composite product (e.g., product and support services as financial instruments). Here the solving process is based on Hierarchical Morphological Multicriteria Design (HMMD): (i) multicriteria selection of alternatives for system parts, (ii) composing the selected alternatives into a resultant combination (while taking into account ordinal quality of the alternatives above and their compatibility). The aggregation framework is based on consideration of aggregation procedures, for example: (i) addition procedure: design of a products substructure or an extended substructure ('kernel') and addition of elements, and (ii) design procedure: design of the composite solution based on all elements of product superstructure. Applied numerical examples (e.g., composite product, extended composite product, product repair plan, and product trajectory) illustrate the proposed approaches.

研究动机与目标

• 为解决传统电子购物的局限性，实现复合产品的动态、以客户为中心的配置。
• 开发一种系统化方法，基于多准则决策与兼容性约束，从组件合成模块化产品。
• 引入聚合技术，将多个已选原型整合为新的、优化的复合解决方案。
• 通过分层形态建模与组合优化，支持以客户为中心的设计。
• 将电子购物从单纯选择扩展至复杂模块化系统的整体设计与定制。

提出的方法

• 将复合产品建模为树状结构系统，组件作为叶节点，每个组件具有设计替代方案（DAs）。
• 为DAs分配序数优先级，并估计不同组件DAs之间的兼容性。
• 应用分层形态多准则设计（HMMD）基于质量与兼容性选择并组合DAs。
• 使用类似0-1背包问题求解组件添加与扩展过程，结合成本与收益估计。
• 采用多重选择问题求解新设计过程，每个组件在预算约束下选择一个DAs。
• 基于利润与成本比（c_i/a_i）的贪心算法求解优化问题。

实验结果

研究问题

• RQ1 电子购物系统如何支持从单个组件组合合成模块化产品？
• RQ2 何种优化模型能有效整合多准则选择与兼容性约束于产品配置中？
• RQ3 如何将多个现有产品原型聚合为一个新且优化的复合解决方案？
• RQ4 序数优先级与兼容性估计在指导设计替代方案选择中发挥何种作用？
• RQ5 如何系统性地利用运筹学与人工智能技术生成以客户为中心的可定制产品配置？

主要发现

• HMMD框架通过整合多准则选择与兼容性约束，成功生成优化的复合产品配置。
• 当预算为5时，添加过程得到解：E₂⋆D₁⋆X₁⋆Y₃⋆Z₃⋆O₁⋆G₁，总利润为7。
• 当预算为6时，添加过程生成E₅⋆D₁⋆X₁⋆Y₃⋆Z₁⋆O₁⋆G₂，总利润为8。
• 当预算为14时，新设计过程生成E₂⋆D₁⋆X₂⋆Y₂⋆Z₁⋆O₁⋆G₂，总利润为14。
• 当预算为17时，最优设计为E₅⋆D₃⋆X₁⋆Y₃⋆Z₃⋆O₁⋆G₂，总利润为17。
• 数值实例表明所提框架在实际产品配置任务中具备可行性与可扩展性。