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[论文解读] Towards Radar-Agnostic Gait Analysis Across UWB and FMCW Systems

Charalambos Hadjipanayi, Maowen Yin|arXiv (Cornell University)|Jan 7, 2026
Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques被引用 0
一句话总结

论文验证了一个统一的时空步态分析处理框架,该框架可跨同位UWB与FMCW雷达工作,与运动捕捉具有高一致性并且跨模态一致性良好。

ABSTRACT

Radar sensing has emerged in recent years as a promising solution for unobtrusive and continuous in-home gait monitoring. This study evaluates whether a unified processing framework can be applied to radar-based spatiotemporal gait analysis independent of radar modality. The framework is validated using collocated impulse-radio ultra-wideband (IR-UWB) and frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) radars under identical processing settings, without modality-specific tuning, during repeated overground walking trials with 10 healthy participants. A modality-independent approach for automatic walking-segment identification is also introduced to ensure fair and reproducible modality performance assessment. Clinically relevant spatiotemporal gait parameters, including stride time, stride length, walking speed, swing time, and stance time, extracted from each modality were compared against gold-standard motion capture reference estimates. Across all parameters, both radar modalities achieved comparably high mean estimation accuracy in the range of 85-98%, with inter-modality differences remaining below 4.1%, resulting in highly overlapping accuracy distributions. Correlation and Bland-Altman analyses revealed minimal bias, comparable limits of agreement, and strong agreement with reference estimates, while intraclass correlation analysis demonstrated high consistency between radar modalities. These findings indicate that no practically meaningful performance differences arise from radar modality when using a shared processing framework, supporting the feasibility of radar-agnostic gait analysis systems.

研究动机与目标

  • 展示一个单一处理框架能够在不同雷达模态下提取步态参数且无需模态特定调优。
  • 量化雷达推导的步态参数与金标准MOCAP 的一致性。
  • 在相同处理设置下评估UWB与FMCW系统之间的雷达间一致性。

提出的方法

  • 进行两种雷达模态的共址数据采集:IR-UWB(7.29 GHz,1.4 GHz BW)和FMCW(60 GHz)。
  • 对两种模态应用相同的离线处理流水线,以获得距离-多普勒-时间(range–Doppler–time)表示和RDT帧。
  • 使用高通滤波和自适应指数移动平均滤波以抑制杂波,随后基于STFT的多普勒分析推导出步态相关包络。
  • 通过对足部速度轨迹的短时自相关自动检测行走段,产生模态无关的步态掩码。
  • 从雷达推导的足部速度中检测步态事件(HS、TO),并计算时空步态参数(步幅时间/长度、步速、摆动/支撑时间)。
  • 使用相关、Bland–Altman分析和ICC分析将雷达估计值与MOCAP地真值进行比较。

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1在不进行模态特定调优的情况下,统一处理框架是否能够在UWB与FMCW雷达上得到可比的步态参数估计?
  • RQ2跨模态下雷达推导的步态参数与金标准MOCAP之间的一致性达到怎样的水平?
  • RQ3在相同处理流水线下,UWB与FMCW雷达的步态参数估计有多一致?

主要发现

  • FMCW与UWB雷达在躯干距离/速度与足部轨迹方面与MOCAP具有高度相关性(躯干约0.999,足部轨迹约0.90–0.99,经过处理后)。
  • 步态事件检测在HS/TO位置的准确性超过99.7%,两模态之间的距离-时间差异较小(平均HS时间和HS距离差约0.08–0.19%)。
  • 模态之间的平均步态参数差异在0.3%到4.1%之间,步速显示最大跨模态差异(4.1%)。
  • Bland–Altman与相关分析显示大多数参数接近零偏差且与MOCAP具有强一致性;步速在跨模态间接近完美的一致性(r ≈ 0.98, ICC ≈ 0.97)。
  • FMCW与UWB估计之间的相关性对所有参数均较高(例如步速 r ≈ 0.98,步幅时间 r ≈ 0.88)。
  • 结果支持使用共用流水线进行雷达无关的步态分析。

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