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[论文解读] Trade uncertainty impact on stock-bond correlations: Insights from conditional correlation models

Demetrio Lacava, Edoardo Otranto|arXiv (Cornell University)|Jan 29, 2026
Market Dynamics and Volatility被引用 0
一句话总结

本论文建模贸易政策不确定性(TPU)与政治体制如何影响美国股票–债券的时变相关性,结果显示TPU与总统周期在样本内拟合和样本外预测均有改善,且由带有TPU与政治效应的DCC模型提供最强的预测性能。

ABSTRACT

This paper investigates the impact of Trade Policy Uncertainty (TPU) on stock-bond correlation dynamics in the United States. Using daily data on major U.S. stock indices and the 10-year Treasury bond from 2015 to 2025, we estimate correlation within a two-step GARCH-based framework, relying on multivariate specifications, including Constant Conditional Correlation (CCC), Smooth Transition Conditional Correlation (STCC), and Dynamic Conditional Correlation (DCC) models. We extend these frameworks by incorporating TPU index and a presidential dummy to capture effects of trade uncertainty and government cycles. The findings show that constant correlation models are strongly rejected in favor of time-varying specifications. Both STCC and DCC models confirm TPU's central role in driving correlation dynamics, with significant differences across political regimes. DCC models augmented with TPU and political effects deliver the best in-sample fit and strongest forecasting performance, as measured by statistical and economic loss functions.

研究动机与目标

  • 通过强调时变相关性对多元化与风险管理的重要性来激发研究。
  • 探讨TPU(通过TPU指数)在2015–2025年间如何影响美国股票–债券相关性动态。
  • 评估政治体制(共和党与民主党任期)对相关性动态和对冲收益的修饰作用。
  • 在样本内与样本外比较多种条件相关模型(CCC、CCC-PE、STCC、STCC-TUE、STCC-TUPE、DCC、DCC-TUE、DCC-TUPE、DCC-PE),以识别最佳设定。
  • 为在政策与政治不确定性下的投资组合配置与风险管理提供洞见。

提出的方法

  • 估计单变量GJR-GARCH模型以获取各序列的条件方差。
  • 应用两阶段多变量波动性框架估计条件相关性:CCC、STCC及DCC变体。
  • 将TPU指数与总统虚拟变量作为相关性动态的外生驱动因素(STCC-TUE、STCC-TUPE、DCC-TUE、DCC-TUPE、DCC-PE)。
  • 在可用的情况下使用极大似然估计并进行去偏返回与相关性目标化。
  • 用样本内拟合指标(AIC/BIC、似然值、Ljung-Box)和样本外表现(Model Confidence Set)来评价模型。
Figure 1: Monthly rolling T-Bond-S&P500 correlation (black line, left axis), Trade Policy Uncertainty (TPU) index (gray line, right axis), and Inauguration Day (vertical red line). Sample period: January 5, 2015 – July 18, 2025.
Figure 1: Monthly rolling T-Bond-S&P500 correlation (black line, left axis), Trade Policy Uncertainty (TPU) index (gray line, right axis), and Inauguration Day (vertical red line). Sample period: January 5, 2015 – July 18, 2025.

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1TPU是否驱动美国的股票–债券相关性动态?
  • RQ2政治体制(共和党 vs 民主党)如何影响股票–债券共动?
  • RQ3在TPU与政治体制下,哪种条件相关性设定能最好地捕捉时变相关性?
  • RQ4TPU与政治效应是否提升股票–债券相关性的样本外预测?

主要发现

  • 在样本内拒绝恒定条件相关性(CCC),支持时变相关性设定。
  • TPU是股票–债券相关性动态的核心驱动因素,且存在体制差异。
  • 带有TPU与政治效应的DCC模型在样本内拟合和样本外预测上均达到最佳。
  • 在共和党任期内,债券–股票相关性较高,削弱了债券的对冲作用;民主党任期则显示较弱或负相关。
  • STCC-TUPE与DCC-TUPE在高TPU时显示出更强的相关性,并且对TPU的敏感性存在体制特异性差异。
  • 基于DCC的模型在信息准则(AIC/BIC)与预测准确性方面优于CCC与STCC。
Figure 2: ST-CC Estimated $S\&P500$ - $T-Bond$ correlation (dotted-blue line), smooth transition function (black line), and Trade Policy Uncertainty (TPU) index (dashed-gray line). Sample period: January 5, 2015 – February 24, 2023.
Figure 2: ST-CC Estimated $S\&P500$ - $T-Bond$ correlation (dotted-blue line), smooth transition function (black line), and Trade Policy Uncertainty (TPU) index (dashed-gray line). Sample period: January 5, 2015 – February 24, 2023.

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