[论文解读] Transverse mass spectra and scaling of hadrons at RHIC and LHC energies
本研究调查了在RHIC和LHC能量下,p+p、d+Au和Au+Au碰撞中介子与重子的横向质量($m_T$)标度行为。通过使用改进的Hagedorn拟合函数,研究发现,在$√s_{NN}$ = 200 GeV的p+p和d+Au体系中,重子与质子表现出$m_T$标度,但在中心Au+Au碰撞中,奇异重子因介质效应而偏离标度。在LHC能量($√s$ = 900 GeV)下,$m_T$标度对$Λ$和$Ω$重子表现良好,但对kaons和$φ$介子则失效,表明标度行为具有能量和体系依赖性。
We present a systematic study of transverse mass spectra ($m_T$) of mesons and baryons at RHIC and LHC energies. In an earlier study, it was shown that all the mesons produced in p+p and d+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV follow $m_T$ scaling while in Au+Au collisions at same energy the mesons with strange and charm quark contents do not follow $m_T$ scaling which can be attributed to medium modifications. We extend this study for baryons produced in all above colliding systems at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV. Although all available baryon spectra behave differently from mesons but are found to scale with protons for both p+p and d+Au collisions. In case of Au+Au collisions, the strange baryons behave differently from protons. This study has also been performed on the meson spectra in p+p collisions at 62.4 GeV which lies in between the highest RHIC energy and SPS energy where the $m_T$ scaling was first observed and we arrive at same conclusions as those at 200 GeV. We test the $m_T$ scaling at LHC with the first meson spectra measured in p+p collisions at 900 GeV and find that the $m_T$ spectra of kaons and $ϕ$ do not scale with pions. Thus $m_T$ scaling which was working well up to p+p collisions at 200 GeV seems to be broken. Here we use all data measured in the mid rapidity region. Baryon to meson ratio is studied as a function of $m_T$, at different energies and for different systems and is found that this ratio for p+p at 900 GeV is quite different from that in p+p collisions at RHIC energies.
研究动机与目标
- 系统分析在RHIC和LHC能量下,不同碰撞体系中介子与重子的横向质量($m_T$)谱。
- 检验此前在介子中观察到的$m_T$标度是否适用于在$√s_{NN}$ = 200 GeV下的p+p、d+Au和Au+Au碰撞中的重子。
- 将$m_T$标度分析扩展至较低能量(62.4 GeV)和较高能量(900 GeV)的p+p碰撞,以评估能量依赖性。
- 利用首份可用的$√s$ = 900 GeV p+p数据,评估LHC能量下$m_T$标度的有效性。
- 量化不同能量和体系下质子与π介子比值随$m_T$的变化,以探究强子产生机制。
提出的方法
- 使用参数化为$m_T$函数的改进Hagedorn公式拟合横向动量谱,其中参数$A$、$a$、$b$、$p_0$和$n$由π介子或质子数据获得。
- 通过将π介子或质子的拟合函数$f_{\pi/p}(m_T)$重新标度,应用$m_T$标度,利用归一化因子$S$预测其他强子的谱。
- 利用实验测得的介子($K^\pm$、$K_S^0$、$\phi$)和重子($\Lambda$、$\Xi$、$\Omega$)的$m_T$谱,通过与标度函数比较提取$S$值。
- 在多个体系中进行拟合:$√s_{NN}$ = 200 GeV下的p+p、d+Au和Au+Au,以及62.4 GeV和900 GeV下的p+p。
- 分析Au+Au碰撞中的中心度依赖性,以评估介质效应对标度行为的影响。
- 将$m_T$标度谱与不同能量和体系下的实测数据进行比较,以评估标度质量。
实验结果
研究问题
- RQ1在$√s_{NN}$ = 200 GeV的p+p和d+Au碰撞中,重子是否与质子遵循$m_T$标度?
- RQ2在中心与外围Au+Au碰撞中,奇异重子($\Lambda$、$\Xi$、$\Omega$)的$m_T$标度有何不同?
- RQ3在LHC能量($\u221As$ = 900 GeV)下,p+p碰撞中$m_T$标度是否适用于介子和重子?
- RQ4在不同能量和碰撞体系下,$m_T$随质子与π介子比值如何变化?
- RQ5在中间能量(62.4 GeV)下,$m_T$标度是否一致,该能量下首次观察到标度行为?
主要发现
- 在$√s_{NN}$ = 200 GeV的p+p和d+Au碰撞中,重子的$m_T$谱与质子谱表现出良好的标度,$\Lambda$/p、$\Xi$/p和$\Omega$/p的$S$值分别为0.785 $\pm$ 0.021、0.140 $\pm$ 0.030和0.060 $\pm$ 0.022。
- 在$√s_{NN}$ = 200 GeV的中心Au+Au碰撞中,奇异重子偏离$m_T$标度,$\Lambda$/p在10–20%中心度下降至0.70 $\pm$ 0.09,表明存在介质效应。
- 在LHC能量($\u221As$ = 900 GeV)下,$m_T$标度能良好再现$\Lambda$和$\Xi$的谱,$\Lambda$/p = 0.93 $\pm$ 0.20,但对$K^\pm$和$\phi$介子失效。
- $\phi$介子的$m_T$标度谱在900 GeV下与数据严重不符,$\phi$/\pi归一化因子$S$ = 0.23 $\pm$ 0.02,表明标度失效。
- 在900 GeV的p+p碰撞中,质子与π介子比值显著低于200 GeV,且在$m_T$ ~ 2 GeV处,高能下的比值明显更小。
- 在62.4 GeV下,介子的$m_T$标度成立,$K^\pi$归一化因子$S$ = 0.38 $\pm$ 0.02,证实标度在中间能量下依然有效。
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