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[论文解读] Trapped ion qubit and clock operations with a visible wavelength photonic coil resonator stabilized integrated Brillouin laser

Nitesh Chauhan, Christopher Caron|arXiv (Cornell University)|Feb 26, 2024
Mechanical and Optical Resonators被引用 11
一句话总结

该论文展示了在捕获 Sr+ 离子上实现芯片尺度光学时钟和量子比特操作,使用可见波长的 Brillouin 激光,该激光稳定在集成的 Si3N4 3 米线圈参考腔,达到 99% SPAM、6 kHz 的线宽,以及在 1 s 时达到 60 μs 的 Ramsey 相干,并且 5×10^-13/√τ 的稳定性。

ABSTRACT

Integrating precise, stable, ultra-low noise visible light lasers into atomic systems is critical for advancing quantum information sciences and improving scalability and portability. Trapped ions are a leading approach for high-fidelity quantum computing, high-accuracy optical clocks, and precision quantum sensors. However, current ion-based systems rely on bulky, lab-scale precision lasers and optical stabilization cavities for optical clock and qubit operations, constraining the size, weight, scalability, and portability of atomic systems. Chip-scale integration of ultra-low noise lasers and reference cavities operating directly at optical clock transitions and capable of qubit and clock operations will represent a major transformation in atom and trapped ion-based quantum technologies. However, this goal has remained elusive. Here we report the first demonstration of chip-scale optical clock and qubit operations on a trapped ion using a photonic integrated direct-drive visible wavelength Brillouin laser stabilized to an integrated 3-meter coil-resonator reference cavity and the optical clock transition of a $^{88}$Sr$^+$ ion trapped on a surface electrode chip. We also demonstrate for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, trapped-ion spectroscopy and qubit operations such as Rabi oscillations and high fidelity (99%) qubit state preparation and measurement (SPAM) using direct drive integrated photonic technologies without bulk optic stabilization cavities or second harmonic generation. Our chip-scale stabilized Brillouin laser exhibits a 6 kHz linewidth with the 0.4 Hz quadrupole transition of $^{88}$Sr$^+$ and a self-consistent coherence time of 60 $μ$s via Ramsey interferometry on the trapped ion qubit. Furthermore, we demonstrate the stability of the locked Brillouin laser to 5$ imes10^{-13}/ \sqrtτ$ at 1 second using dual optical clocks.

研究动机与目标

  • 将超低噪声可见激光集成到陷阱离子系统中,以实现便携性和可靠性。
  • 展示对674 nm SBS 激光器在集成线圈谐振腔的三米参考腔上的芯片尺度稳定,以及对 Sr+ 光学时钟跃迁的绝对锁定。
  • 展示通过与量子比特操作交错的时钟协议,实现完整的陷阱离子光谱学、高保真度 SPAM、Rabi 振荡和 Ramsey 相干。

提出的方法

  • 在硅氟烷基化平台上集成直接驱动的674 nm SBS 激光器。
  • 将 SBS 激光器稳定到一个光子集成的 3 米线圈谐振腔参考腔(高 Q、低损耗)。
  • 通过与量子比特操作交错的时钟协议,进一步稳定到674 nm 的 Sr+ 光学时钟跃迁。
  • 在两套独立的光学时钟之间进行交错,以测量绝对稳定性和漂移。
  • 通过陷阱离子光谱学、 Ramsey干涉和 Rabi 振荡来表征激光性能。

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1芯片尺度 Brillouin 激光器在集成线圈腔稳定后,是否能够支持高保真度的陷阱离子量子比特操作?
  • RQ2当将可见波长激光稳定到集成线圈谐振腔和 Sr+ 时钟跃迁时,能够达到哪些线宽、相干性和稳定性?
  • RQ3将时钟稳定与量子比特操作交错是否能够实现稳健、便携的陷阱离子量子传感与计时?
  • RQ4在完全集成的光子稳定化条件下,陷阱离子芯片上的 SPAM 保真度和光谱分辨率能够达到怎样的水平?

主要发现

  • 展示了 SBS 激光的自由振荡线宽为 12 Hz;锁定到线圈谐振腔时 ILW 为 580 Hz;锁定到离子时钟跃迁时线宽为 6 kHz。
  • 使用线圈+离子稳定激光实现的量子比特态制备与测量,SPAM 保真度达到 99%,SBS+线圈+离子实现更高的相干性。
  • Ramsey 相干时间从 33 μs(线圈+离子)扩展到 60.5 μs(SBS+线圈+离子)。
  • 当锁定到 Sr+ 光学时钟跃迁时,绝对激光稳定性在 300 Hz 之内;1 s 时长期稳定性为 5×10^-13/√τ,且一分钟内漂移 ±4 kHz。
  • 在 cm 级芯片上演示了交错时钟与量子比特操作,促进便携式陷阱离子量子传感和时钟。

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