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[论文解读] Triggered telecom C-band single-photon source with high brightness, high indistinguishability and sub-GHz spectral linewidth

Raphael Joos, Stephanie Bauer|arXiv (Cornell University)|Oct 31, 2023
Photonic and Optical Devices被引用 6
一句话总结

本论文提出了一种基于In(Ga)As量子点与环形布拉格光栅腔耦合并结合光谱滤波的触发式、电信C波段单光子源,实现了高亮度(1.45 MHz应用就绪率)、高不可分辨性(66.4% 两光子干涉可见度)和亚GHz光谱线宽(0.80 GHz),在非相干泵浦下性能优异,且通过创新的SUPER方案在相干泵浦下也实现了相当的性能,首次在电信C波段实现了所有这些特性的同时演示,适用于量子中继应用。

ABSTRACT

Long-range, terrestrial quantum networks will require high brightness single-photon sources emitting in the telecom C-band for maximum transmission rate. Many applications additionally demand triggered operation with high indistinguishability and narrow spectral linewidth. This would enable the efficient implementation of photonic gate operations and photon storage in quantum memories, as for instance required for a quantum repeater. Especially, semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) have shown these properties in the near-infrared regime. However, the simultaneous demonstration of all these properties in the telecom C-band has been elusive. Here, we present a coherently (incoherently) optically-pumped narrow-band (0.8 GHz) triggered single-photon source in the telecom C-band. The source shows simultaneously high single-photon purity with $g^{(2)}(0) = 0.026$ ($g^{(2)}(0) = 0.014$), high two-photon interference visibility of 0.508 (0.664) and high application-ready rates of 0.75 MHz (1.45 MHz) of polarized photons. The source is based on a QD coupled to a circular Bragg grating cavity combined with spectral filtering. Coherent (incoherent) operation is performed via the novel SUPER scheme (phonon-assisted excitation).

研究动机与目标

  • 通过在电信C波段工作以最小化光纤损耗,开发一种适用于长距离量子网络的高性能单光子源。
  • 同时实现高单光子纯度、高亮度、高不可分辨性和窄光谱线宽——这是量子中继器和光学生量子门的关键要求。
  • 展示相干与非相干泵浦方案性能相当,以增强其在多样化量子应用中的通用性。
  • 首次在电信C波段量子点中实现SUPER(量子发射体种群上拉)方案,实现高亮度、相干单光子发射。
  • 通过亚GHz线宽与高不可分辨性,实现与量子存储器和光子电路的高效接口。

提出的方法

  • 采用嵌入GaAs基质中的In(Ga)As量子点,与环形布拉格光栅(CBG)微腔耦合,以增强向电信C波段(1530–1565 nm)的发射。
  • 通过体布拉格光栅(VBG)陷波滤波器与带通滤波器进行光谱滤波,分离出窄带、高纯度的单光子发射。
  • 采用SUPER(量子发射体种群上拉)方案实现相干泵浦,利用两台同步光纤激光器与非对称马赫-曾德尔干涉仪精确控制脉冲重叠。
  • 使用超导纳米线单光子探测器(SNSPD)与时间-数字转换器(TDC)测量并稳定泵浦脉冲之间的相对延迟。
  • 采用声子辅助激发(LA)实现非相干泵浦,无需相干脉冲同步即可实现高应用就绪率。
  • 通过两光子干涉(TPI)可见度表征光子不可分辨性,并利用窄带法布里-珀罗标准具与光谱滤波测量光谱线宽。
Figure 1: Schematic of the setup used for coherent pumping via the SUPER scheme using two synchronized fiber lasers (FLs) . The pulses of two synchronized FLs are superimposed in an unbalanced Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI). Comparing the arrival time of the pulses on a superconducting nanowire s
Figure 1: Schematic of the setup used for coherent pumping via the SUPER scheme using two synchronized fiber lasers (FLs) . The pulses of two synchronized FLs are superimposed in an unbalanced Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI). Comparing the arrival time of the pulses on a superconducting nanowire s

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1能否在电信C波段单光子源中同时实现高亮度、高不可分辨性与亚GHz光谱线宽?
  • RQ2SUPER方案能否成功应用于电信C波段量子点,以实现高亮度、相干单光子发射?
  • RQ3在窄带、电信C波段源中,相干与非相干泵浦方案在不可分辨性与应用就绪率等性能指标上的表现如何比较?
  • RQ4光谱滤波在保持高亮度的同时,对光子不可分辨性与线宽的改善程度如何?
  • RQ5该源能否在相干与非相干工作模式下均保持相似性能,从而在量子网络中实现更广泛的应用?

主要发现

  • 在非相干泵浦下,该源实现了0.664(4)的两光子干涉可见度,为迄今报道的电信C波段量子点源中最高值。
  • 在非相干泵浦下,应用就绪率可达1.45 MHz,单光子纯度为g²(0) = 0.014(1),表明接近完美的单光子发射。
  • 光谱线宽测量值为0.80(1) GHz,证实滤波后实现亚GHz光谱压缩,这对与量子存储器接口至关重要。
  • 通过SUPER方案实现相干泵浦后,该源实现了0.504(14)的可见度与0.75 MHz的发射率,表明无需非相干激发即可实现高性能。
  • 该源在相干与非相干泵浦下均保持高性能,仅因不同的光谱扩散动力学导致不可分辨性存在微小差异。
  • 首次在电信C波段量子点中实现SUPER方案,具有里程碑意义,实现了该关键波段的高亮度、相干单光子发射。
Figure 2: Emission characteristics of the QD-microcavity system under coherent SUPER excitation . a Emission spectrum under SUPER pumping and components of the spectrum when excited with only one laser via the phonon sideband. b Scan of detuning $\Delta$ and power $P$ of FL 2 for $\Delta_{1}=$4\text
Figure 2: Emission characteristics of the QD-microcavity system under coherent SUPER excitation . a Emission spectrum under SUPER pumping and components of the spectrum when excited with only one laser via the phonon sideband. b Scan of detuning $\Delta$ and power $P$ of FL 2 for $\Delta_{1}=$4\text

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