[论文解读] Tunguska-1908 and similar events in light of the New Explosive Cosmogony of minor bodies
本文提出,1908年通古斯大爆炸是由于一颗短周期彗星核在大气层中空中爆炸所致——该彗星核源自通过爆炸星云理论从木卫三型冰质天体中分裂出的冰质体,其中2H2+O2固溶体在5–10公里高度发生爆炸,释放约10^12克能量,导致观测到的空中爆炸。未爆炸的核心目前处于短周期轨道,最终可能以250–3000兆吨TNT当量撞击地球,可能引发全球性气候影响。
The well-known Tunguska-1908 phenomenon (TP) problems (the fast transfer of the kinetic energy of the meteoroid W~10-50 Mt TNT to air, with its heating to T>10^4 K at an altitude of 5-10 km, the final turn of the smoothly sloping, ~0-20^o to horizon, trajectory of the body through ~10^o to the West, the pattern and area of the tree-fall and trees' scorching by heat radiation, etc.) allow a simple solution within the New Explosive Cosmogony (NEC) of minor bodies, as opposed to other approaches. The NEC considers the short-period (SP) comet nuclei, to which the Tunguska body belonged, to be fragments produced in explosions of massive icy envelopes of Ganymede-type bodies saturated by products of bulk electrolysis of ices to the form of a 2H2+O2 solid solution. The nearly tangent entry into the Earth's atmosphere with V~20 km/s of such a nucleus, ~200-500 m in size and ~(5-50)x10^12 g in mass, also saturated by 2H2+O2, initiated detonation of its part of ~10^12 g at an altitude of 5-10 km. This resulted in deflection of this fraction trajectory by 5^o-10^o, and fast expansion with ~2 km/s of its detonation products brought about their fast slowing down by the air, heating of the latter to T>10^4 K and a phenomenon of high-altitude explosion. On crossing the Earth's atmosphere, the main part of the unexploded nucleus escaped into space, and this body moving presently in an SP orbit should eventually be identified in time. Its impact with W~250-3000 Mt TNT on the Earth's surface (which could occur in 1908) would have produced a crater up to ~3.5-8 km in size, with an ejection of dust that would have brought about a climatic catastrophe. The processes involved in the TP are resembling those accompanying falling P/Shoemaker-Levy 9 onto Jupiter and, possibly, the impact-caused Younger Dryas cooling ~13 ka ago.
研究动机与目标
- 解决通古斯大爆炸事件中能量传递、轨迹和热效应长期存在的不一致问题。
- 通过一种新颖的爆炸解体模型,解释无陨石坑及观测到的树木倒伏模式。
- 将通古斯大爆炸与类似事件(如舒梅克-列维9号彗星撞击木星及年轻干冷期降温)联系起来。
- 提出短周期彗星核是通过冰体整体电解作用形成的较大冰质天体的碎片。
- 预测幸存未爆炸核心的未来轨道及其对地球撞击的可能性。
提出的方法
- 将通古斯大爆炸天体建模为直径200–500米的核,由2H2+O2固溶体构成,通过木卫三型冰质天体的爆炸星云理论形成。
- 模拟以约20公里/秒的速度进入大气层,近乎水平轨迹,导致约10^12克核物质在5–10公里高度爆炸。
- 计算能量向大气层的传递,导致温度升至T > 10^4 K,并以约2公里/秒的速度迅速膨胀。
- 分析因爆炸力不对称导致的约5°–10°轨迹偏转,与观测到的约10°向西偏转一致。
- 评估主核未爆炸部分的存活及其未来轨道,该核体仍处于短周期日心轨道。
- 将该事件与已知撞击事件(如舒梅克-列维9号彗星撞击木星)进行比较,以验证模型。
实验结果
研究问题
- RQ1通古斯大爆炸体的动能如何迅速传递至大气层,导致空中爆炸而无陨石坑?
- RQ2尽管近乎水平进入,是什么机制解释了约10°向西的轨迹偏转?
- RQ3为何树木呈辐射状倒伏并被热辐射烧焦?
- RQ4通古斯大爆炸物体是否可能为通过冰体整体电解作用形成的更大冰质天体的碎片?
- RQ5未爆炸核心的未来命运如何?其撞击是否可能引发全球性气候灾难?
主要发现
- 通古斯大爆炸源于约10^12克2H2+O2固溶体核碎片在5–10公里高度的爆炸,导致能量迅速释放,并使大气层温度升至T > 10^4 K。
- 5°–10°的轨迹偏转由爆炸力的非对称性引起,与观测到的约10°向西偏转一致。
- 主未爆炸核体大小约为200–500米,质量约5–50×10^12克,已逃逸地球大气层,仍处于短周期轨道。
- 该核心未来撞击可能释放250–3000兆吨TNT当量能量,可能引发全球性气候灾难。
- 该事件与舒梅克-列维9号彗星撞击木星具有相同的物理机制,且可能与约13,000年前的年轻干冷期降温事件有关。
- 新爆炸星云理论模型解释了短周期彗星核作为木卫三型冰质天体在爆炸解体过程中形成的碎片,其冰体中饱和有2H2+O2。
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