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[论文解读] UAV-aided urban target tracking system based on edge computing

Yajun Liu, Congxu Zhu|arXiv (Cornell University)|Feb 3, 2019
Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods参考文献 6被引用 7
一句话总结

本文提出了一种利用边缘计算降低延迟和通信开销的无人机辅助城市目标跟踪系统,通过在地面节点和无人机上本地处理视频数据,而非依赖云计算。该系统提升了目标丢失后的跟踪可靠性和重捕获概率,在城市环境中实现了低延迟和高质量的用户体验。

ABSTRACT

Target tracking is an important issue of social security. In order to track a target, traditionally a large amount of surveillance video data need to be uploaded into the cloud for processing and analysis, which put stremendous bandwidth pressure on communication links in access networks and core networks. At the same time, the long delay in wide area network is very likely to cause a tracking system to lose its target. Often, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) has been adopted for target tracking due to its flexibility, but its limited flight time due to battery constraint and the blocking by various obstacles in the field pose two major challenges to its target tracking task, which also very likely results in the loss of target. A novel target tracking model that coordinates the tracking by UAV and ground nodes in an edge computing environment is proposed in this study. The model can effectively reduce the communication cost and the long delay of the traditional surveillance camera system that relies on cloud computing, and it can improve the probability of finding a target again after an UAV loses the tracing of that target. It has been demonstrated that the proposed system achieved a significantly better performance in terms of low latency, high reliability, and optimal quality of experience (QoE).

研究动机与目标

  • 解决基于云的城市监控系统中存在的高带宽和长延迟问题。
  • 克服无人机在城市环境中飞行时间短和信号阻塞等局限性。
  • 提升目标在跟踪过程中短暂丢失后重新捕获的概率。
  • 设计基于边缘计算的无人机与地面节点之间的协同跟踪框架。
  • 在动态城市环境中提升系统的可靠性和用户体验质量(QoE)。

提出的方法

  • 系统采用分布式边缘计算架构,将视频处理任务卸载至附近的地面节点和无人机,而非依赖云端。
  • 设计了协调机制,以实现实时数据共享和任务分配,支持无人机与地面节点之间的协同。
  • 通过边缘设备的本地处理减少数据传输,最大限度降低端到端延迟。
  • 采用混合跟踪模型,结合无人机移动性与地面节点监控能力,以在信号阻塞或无人机电池限制时保持跟踪连续性。
  • 根据信号质量与目标距离,动态在无人机与地面节点跟踪之间切换。
  • 采用用户体验质量(QoE)度量标准评估系统性能,综合考虑延迟、可靠性与跟踪精度。

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1如何使无人机辅助的城市目标跟踪系统在通信延迟和带宽限制下更具鲁棒性?
  • RQ2边缘计算在降低城市环境中延迟并提升跟踪可靠性方面发挥何种作用?
  • RQ3如何有效协调无人机与地面节点,以在信号阻塞或无人机电池限制情况下维持目标跟踪?
  • RQ4与基于云的处理相比,本地处理对系统性能有何影响?
  • RQ5所提系统如何提升目标在短暂丢失后的重捕获概率?

主要发现

  • 与传统基于云的监控系统相比,所提系统显著降低了端到端延迟。
  • 由于在边缘节点和无人机上实现本地化数据处理,通信成本大幅降低。
  • 系统在目标短暂丢失后表现出更高的重捕获概率,增强了跟踪连续性。
  • 基于边缘计算的架构因延迟减少和可靠性提升,实现了更优的用户体验质量(QoE)。
  • 无人机与地面节点之间的协调机制确保了在复杂城市环境下持续的跟踪能力。
  • 在存在信号遮挡的密集城市环境中,系统仍能保持高跟踪精度和响应速度。

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