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[论文解读] UAV Trajectory and Communication Co-design: Flexible Path Discretization and Path Compression

Yijun Guo, Changsheng You|arXiv (Cornell University)|Oct 14, 2020
UAV Applications and Optimization参考文献 28被引用 4
一句话总结

该论文提出了一种灵活路径离散化(FPD)与路径压缩(PC)框架,以降低无人机(UAV)轨迹与通信联合设计中的计算复杂度。通过仅优化部分航点(可设计航点),并利用基路径对轨迹表示进行压缩,该方法在显著减少设计变量的同时,实现了接近最优的速率性能,优于传统的时域与路径离散化方案。

ABSTRACT

The performance optimization of UAV communication systems requires the joint design of UAV trajectory and communication efficiently. To tackle the challenge of infinite design variables arising from the continuous-time UAV trajectory optimization, a commonly adopted approach is by approximating the UAV trajectory with piecewise-linear path segments in three-dimensional (3D) space. However, this approach may still incur prohibitive computational complexity in practice when the UAV flight period/distance becomes long, as the distance between consecutive waypoints needs to be kept sufficiently small to retain high approximation accuracy. To resolve this fundamental issue, we propose in this paper a new and general framework for UAV trajectory and communication co-design. First, we propose a flexible path discretization scheme that optimizes only a number of selected waypoints (designable waypoints) along the UAV path for complexity reduction, while all the designable and non-designable waypoints are used in calculating the approximated communication utility along the UAV trajectory for ensuring high trajectory discretization accuracy. Next, given any number of designable waypoints, we propose a novel path compression scheme where the UAV 3D path is first decomposed into three one-dimensional (1D) sub-paths and each sub-path is then approximated by superimposing a number of selected basis paths weighted by their corresponding path coefficients, thus further reducing the path design complexity. Finally, we provide a case study on UAV trajectory design for aerial data harvesting from distributed ground sensors, and numerically show that the proposed schemes can significantly reduce the UAV trajectory design complexity yet achieve favorable rate performance as compared to conventional path/time discretization schemes.

研究动机与目标

  • 为解决连续时间轨迹中无限设计变量导致的无人机轨迹优化高计算复杂度问题。
  • 在不牺牲通信精度的前提下,减少三维无人机路径离散化中的优化航点数量。
  • 提出一种路径压缩方案,通过将轨迹表示为基路径的加权叠加,进一步减少设计变量。
  • 实现在真实信道模型下的无人机轨迹与通信的高效联合优化。
  • 与传统的时域离散化(TD)和路径离散化(CPD)方法相比,展示出更优的性能-复杂度权衡。

提出的方法

  • 提出灵活路径离散化(FPD),仅优化选定的航点子集(可设计航点),同时使用全部航点计算通信效用以保证精度。
  • 引入路径压缩(PC)方案,将三维无人机路径分解为三个一维子路径,并通过选定基路径的加权叠加近似每一子路径。
  • 采用基路径选择策略以最小化路径系数数量,使设计变量数量低于可设计航点数量。
  • 应用块坐标下降(BCD)方法,在新的离散化与压缩框架下迭代优化无人机轨迹与通信参数。
  • 利用效用函数的梯度与利普希茨连续性,推导出有限和近似误差界,以确保高轨迹离散化精度。
  • 在具有概率视 Line-of-Sight(LoS)信道模型的无人机数据采集场景中验证该框架,通过数值仿真对比性能与复杂度。

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1灵活路径离散化方案是否能在保持高轨迹离散化精度的同时,减少优化航点数量?
  • RQ2通过基路径叠加实现的路径压缩是否能进一步减少无人机轨迹优化中的设计变量数量?
  • RQ3与传统的时域离散化(TD)和常规路径离散化(CPD)相比,所提出的 FPD-PC 框架在速率性能与计算复杂度方面表现如何?
  • RQ4在复杂度与性能之间实现最佳权衡时,可设计航点数量与基路径数量之间的最优关系是什么?
  • RQ5尽管设计变量数量减少,该框架是否仍能保持高通信效用?

主要发现

  • 所提出的 FPD-PC 方案在显著降低计算复杂度的同时,实现了接近最优的速率性能,优于传统的 TD 与 CPD 方案。
  • 仅使用 4 个可设计航点与 4 个基路径时,FPD-PC 方案相比 CPD(使用 10 个航点)将设计变量数量减少了 60%。
  • 有限和近似误差被界定为 $\frac{1}{2}D_u\Delta_{\text{max}}^U T$,确保了高轨迹离散化精度。
  • 数值结果表明,可设计航点过少(如 $J=2$)会导致显著的速率损失,而过多(如 $J=10$)则会限制自由度。
  • 路径压缩方案能有效将路径系数数量减少至低于可设计航点数量,从而实现高效的轨迹表示。
  • 该框架具有通用性,适用于多种无人机通信场景,涵盖概率 LoS 与瑞利衰落等不同信道模型。

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