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[论文解读] Uncertainty-Aware Grid Planning in the Real World: A Method Enabling Large-Scale, Two-Stage Adaptive Robust Optimization for Capacity Expansion Planning

Gabriel Mantegna, Emil Dimanchev|arXiv (Cornell University)|Feb 28, 2026
Electric Power System Optimization被引用 0
一句话总结

该论文提出了一种可扩展的分割预算两阶段自适应鲁棒优化方法,以将不确定性内生化应用于大规模容量扩张规划,在加州的真实世界 RESOLVE 模型中进行了实证,并与传统 ARO 进行了对比。

ABSTRACT

Capacity expansion models are frequently used to inform multi-billion dollar grid infrastructure decisions, a context in which there is significant uncertainty surrounding the future need for and performance of such infrastructure. However, despite much academic literature on the topic, virtually no grid planning processes use capacity expansion models that endogenously consider uncertainty, an oversight which frequently leads to short-sighted infrastructure decisions. This is partially due to a technology transfer gap, but it is also due to a lack of methods that work at large scale. In this paper we introduce a method for endogenizing uncertainty into capacity expansion models, a variant of adaptive robust optimization, that addresses this gap. We apply the method to a real-world capacity expansion planning problem, that of the State of California, and compare its performance to that of traditional adaptive robust optimization. We find that both the traditional method and our method identify increased transmission investment as a key lever for increasing robustness and adaptability, while helping to avoid downside risks that current deterministic planning processes may be exposing ratepayers to. Our method performs similarly to the traditional method in terms of outcomes, while significantly reducing computational complexity, making it scalable to real-world planning problems.

研究动机与目标

  • 推动在容量扩张规划中内生化不确定性的必要性,以避免脆弱的确定性投资。
  • 开发一种可处理非天气不确定性的可处理、大规模优化方法,且计算成本不高。
  • 在真实世界的规划问题(加州 RESOLVE)上将所提出方法与传统自适应鲁棒优化进行基准比较。
  • 展示内生化不确定性如何影响投资决策,特别是输电投资,以及对下行风险的鲁棒性。

提出的方法

  • 引入分割不确定性预算形式,将基于成本的不确定性与二阶段右端项不确定性分离开来。
  • 用 l1 预算集表示成本不确定性,用显式场景表示右端项不确定性,从而实现线性规划改写。
  • 提供理论依据,说明在给定假设(成本全回滚/对 RHS 的场景有全回滚)下,分割预算形式可以作为线性规划来求解。
  • 利用问题结构在相对于标准两阶段 ARO 公式下降低计算复杂度。
  • 将该方法应用于完整规模、真实世界的规划模型,模拟加州 RESOLVE 模型并与传统 ARO 结果进行比较。

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1在不导致计算量过大的情况下,如何在大规模容量扩张规划中内生化不确定性?
  • RQ2分割预算自适应鲁棒优化方法是否在提高可扩展性的同时保持鲁棒性,相较于传统两阶段 ARO?
  • RQ3在真实世界的规划情境中,将不确定性内生化对投资决策,特别是输电投资,产生了怎样的影响?
  • RQ4相对于在不确定性下的确定性规划,该方法在真实案例中的性能如何?

主要发现

  • 该方法将输电投资确认为提高鲁棒性和适应性的关键杠杆,与传统 ARO 的结果相似。
  • 分割预算方法在显著降低计算复杂度的同时实现了与传统 ARO 相似的结果,能够达到真实世界规模。
  • 内生化不确定性有助于避免确定性规划可能使用户付出下行风险的情况。
  • 该方法在保持对不确定性的鲁棒性的同时,避免了需要精确指定场景概率的要求。

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