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[论文解读] Universal scaling laws for dynamical-thermal hysteresis

Yachao Sun, Xuesong Li|arXiv (Cornell University)|Mar 25, 2026
Theoretical and Computational Physics被引用 0
一句话总结

该论文确立了动态-热滞后现象的普适两领域标度:低扫描速率下 A−A0 ∝ R1/3,高扫描速率下 A−A0 ∝ R2/3,且出现温度相关的临界点 R* ∝ T/Tc;实验、模拟与朗之veren理论提供支持。

ABSTRACT

Dynamic hysteresis, the rate-dependent lagged response of materials to external fields, underpins applications from energy-efficient transformers to gas storage systems. A fundamental yet unresolved question is how the hysteresis loop area $A$ scales with the field sweep rate $R$. Here, we reveal that a competition between the field sweep and thermal fluctuations governs a universal crossover between two scaling regimes: $A - A_0 \propto R^{1/3}$ for $R < R^*$ and $A - A_0 \propto R^{2/3}$ for $R > R^*$, where $A_0$ is the quasi-static area and the crossover rate $R^* \propto T/T_c$ depends on the temperature $T$ and the material's critical temperature $T_c$. We demonstrate these scaling laws universally across experiments of magnetic materials, simulations of Ising and metal-organic framework models, and analytical solutions of a stochastic Langevin equation. This framework not only resolves the long-standing non-universality of reported scaling exponents but also provides a direct design principle for the application of dynamic hysteresis.

研究动机与目标

  • 促使理解在具有一阶转变的系统中,滞回圈面积 A 如何随场走扫速率 R 而标度。
  • 识别温度 T 与材料临界温度 Tc 如何影响 A(R),以揭示普适行为。
  • 提出一个简单的两段式标度律,能同时捕捉低速与高速两种模式。
  • 证明该标度在磁性实验、Ising 模型、MOF 模拟与朗之van理论中的普适性。

提出的方法

  • 提出一个两段式标度形式 A−A0 ∝ R1/3 适用于 R<R*,A−A0 ∝ R2/3 适用于 R>R*,且 R* ∝ T/Tc。
  • 从朗之van 动力学出发推导标度:朗之vant自由能 F(φ)=½a2φ2+¼a4φ4−Hφ 与 dφ/dt=−λ dF/dφ+ξ。
  • 通过五种磁性材料的实验和 Ising 模型及 MOF 模拟来验证标度。
  • 在将 (A*,R*) 重新缩放后,展示跨系统数据坍塌,并将 R* 与温度联系起来。
Figure 1: Systems and their hysteresis curves. (a) Illustration of the experimental setup. (b) Magnetic induction - magnetic field ( $B$ - $H$ ) curves measured in experiments. (c) Illustration of the generalized Ising model with $l=3$ (dashed square). (d) Magnetization - magnetic field ( $m$ - $H$
Figure 1: Systems and their hysteresis curves. (a) Illustration of the experimental setup. (b) Magnetic induction - magnetic field ( $B$ - $H$ ) curves measured in experiments. (c) Illustration of the generalized Ising model with $l=3$ (dashed square). (d) Magnetization - magnetic field ( $m$ - $H$

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1动态热滞后中滞回面积 A 相对于走扫速率 R 的正确普适标度形式是什么?
  • RQ2温度 T 与临界温度 Tc 如何支配不同标度区间之间的临界转变?
  • RQ3磁性实验、Ising 模型、MOF 模拟与朗之van 动力学是否展现相同的标度行为?
  • RQ4A(R) 中随 R 变化的转变背后的物理机制是什么?

主要发现

  • 滞回面积偏离量 A−A0 显示两种模式:在 R<R* 时与 R1/3 成正比,在 R>R* 时与 R2/3 成正比,其中 A0 为准静态面积。
  • 转变点的临界速率满足 R* ∝ T/Tc,建立了热涨落与扫描速率之间的联系。
  • 当以 R* 和 A* 进行缩放时,在磁性实验、Ising 模型、MOF 模拟与朗之van动力学中观察到普适的坍塌行为。
  • 来自朗之van 动力学的理论标度形式捕捉了转变,与 MF(均场)预测一致,同时也与非 MF 系统相符合。
  • 1/3 与 2/3 的指数来自场强扫动与热涨落之间的竞争,热激活会使有效动力学发生偏移。
  • 该框架提供一个设计原则:调节 R 和 T 以实现滞后损耗的热或非热标度区间。
Figure 2: Universal scaling of hysteresis dispersion in experiments and simulations. (a) $(A-A_{0})/(A^{*}-A_{0})$ as a function of $R/R^{*}$ , where $A^{*}\equiv A(R^{*})$ . We include results from the Langevin equation, MOF models, Ising models and two experimental magnetic materials (nanocrystall
Figure 2: Universal scaling of hysteresis dispersion in experiments and simulations. (a) $(A-A_{0})/(A^{*}-A_{0})$ as a function of $R/R^{*}$ , where $A^{*}\equiv A(R^{*})$ . We include results from the Langevin equation, MOF models, Ising models and two experimental magnetic materials (nanocrystall

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