[论文解读] Using Serious Games to Train Evacuation Behaviour

Joana Ribeiro, João Emílio Almeida+3 more|arXiv (Cornell University)|Mar 15, 2013

Evacuation and Crowd Dynamics参考文献 12被引用 54

一句话总结

本文提出了一款基于Unity3D的严肃游戏，旨在通过虚拟火灾场景训练疏散行为。对30名参与者进行的用户测试表明，玩家学会了遵循紧急指示标志并提升疏散表现，尤其是具有先前视频游戏经验的参与者，证明该游戏作为传统演练的低成本训练替代方案具有有效性。

ABSTRACT

Emergency evacuation plans and evacuation drills are mandatory in public buildings in many countries. Their importance is considerable when it comes to guarantee safety and protection during a crisis. However, sometimes discrepancies arise between the goals of the plan and its outcomes, because people find it hard to take them very seriously, or due to the financial and time resources required. Serious games are a possible solution to tackle this problem. They have been successfully applied in different areas such as health care and education, since they can simulate an environment/task quite accurately, making them a practical alternative to real-life simulations. This paper presents a serious game developed using Unity3D to recreate a virtual fire evacuation training tool. The prototype application was deployed which allowed the validation by user testing. A sample of 30 individuals tested the evacuating scenario, having to leave the building during a fire in the shortest time possible. Results have shown that users effectively end up learning some evacuation procedures from the activity, even if only to look for emergency signs indicating the best evacuation paths. It was also evidenced that users with higher video game experience had a significantly better performance.

研究动机与目标

• 为解决传统疏散演练存在的成本高昂且参与者往往不够重视的局限性。
• 开发一种可扩展、引人入胜且成本低廉的严肃游戏替代方案，用于真实场景的疏散训练。
• 评估虚拟疏散游戏是否能有效教授用户识别并遵循紧急出口路线。
• 评估先前的视频游戏经验对模拟紧急情况下疏散表现的影响。

提出的方法

• 使用Unity3D游戏引擎开发了一个虚拟火灾疏散场景，以模拟逼真的建筑环境。
• 游戏环境包含动态照明、烟雾效果以及醒目的紧急出口标志，以引导导航。
• 在火灾警报触发后，参与者被要求尽快撤离建筑物。
• 通过疏散时间和路径效率衡量用户表现，数据在受控测试会话期间收集。
• 游戏记录用户与紧急标志的互动以及路线选择，以评估学习成果。
• 共30名参与者完成了疏散任务，表现分析结合了其先前的视频游戏经验。

实验结果

研究问题

• RQ1 严肃游戏能否有效训练个体在模拟火灾紧急情况下的疏散程序？
• RQ2 用户在虚拟疏散过程中在多大程度上学会了遵循紧急指示标志？
• RQ3 先前的视频游戏经验是否显著影响模拟环境中疏散表现？
• RQ4 游戏设计在多大程度上支持应急响应中的学习与行为改变？

主要发现

• 参与者展示了对疏散程序的学习，特别是在识别并遵循紧急出口标志以抵达最安全出口路径方面。
• 具有更高视频游戏经验的用户相比经验较少的用户，疏散时间显著更短。
• 该游戏成功模拟了真实的疏散动态，使用户通过反复暴露内化了程序性知识。
• 虚拟训练环境在提升时间压力和空间不确定性下的决策能力方面表现出显著效果。