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[论文解读] Variable density sampling with continuous sampling trajectories

Nicolas Chauffert, Philippe Ciuciu|arXiv (Cornell University)|Nov 23, 2013
Sparse and Compressive Sensing Techniques参考文献 39被引用 7
一句话总结

本文提出连续采样轨迹的可变密度采样器(VDS),以克服磁共振成像(MRI)压缩感知中的相干性障碍,在硬件约束下实现最优采样。提出两种连续VDS方法——基于随机游走和基于TSP的采样,与螺旋和放射状轨迹等标准方案相比,展示了重建MR图像信噪比(SNR)的提升。

ABSTRACT

Reducing acquisition time is a crucial challenge for many imaging techniques. Compressed Sensing (CS) theory offers an appealing framework to address this issue since it provides theoretical guarantees on the reconstruction of sparse signals by projection on a low dimensional linear subspace. In this paper, we focus on a setting where the imaging device allows to sense a fixed set of measurements. We first discuss the choice of an optimal sampling subspace (smallest subset) allowing perfect reconstruction of sparse signals. Its standard design relies on the random drawing of independent measurements. We discuss how to select the drawing distribution and show that a mixed strategy involving partial deterministic sampling and independent drawings can help breaking the so-called coherence barrier. Unfortunately, independent random sampling is irrelevant for many acquisition devices owing to acquisition constraints. To overcome this limitation, the notion of Variable Density Samplers (VDS) is introduced and defined as a stochastic process with a prescribed limit empirical measure. It encompasses samplers based on independent measurements or continuous curves. The latter are crucial to extend CS results to actual applications. Our main contribution lies in two original continuous VDS. The first one relies on random walks over the acquisition space whereas the second one is heuristically driven and rests on the approximate solution of a Traveling Salesman Problem. Theoretical analysis and retrospective CS simulations in magnetic resonance imaging highlight that the TSP-based solution provides improved reconstructed images in terms of signal-to-noise ratio compared to standard sampling schemes (spiral, radial, 3D iid...).

研究动机与目标

  • 解决减少MRI采集时间的同时保持图像质量的挑战。
  • 通过改进采样策略,超越独立随机测量,克服压缩感知中的相干性障碍。
  • 开发与现实采集约束兼容的实用采样方案,特别是连续轨迹。
  • 设计可变密度采样器(VDS),统一独立采样与连续曲线,实现最优重建。

提出的方法

  • 将可变密度采样器(VDS)定义为具有预设极限经验测度的随机过程,统一独立采样与连续采样。
  • 提出一种基于采集空间上随机游走的首种连续VDS,以实现可变密度采样。
  • 提出第二种基于旅行商问题(TSP)近似解的启发式驱动VDS,以优化轨迹连续性与密度。
  • 理论分析表明,基于TSP的VDS可通过平衡确定性与随机采样分量,打破相干性障碍。
  • 利用MRI中的回顾性压缩感知仿真,评估不同采样方案的重建性能。
  • 以信噪比(SNR)为主要指标,将所提VDS方法与标准采样轨迹(螺旋、放射状、3D i.i.d.)进行比较。

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1能否设计出连续采样轨迹,在硬件约束下实现压缩感知中的最优采样效率?
  • RQ2如何通过确定性与随机采样相结合的混合策略,克服压缩感知中的相干性障碍?
  • RQ3与标准采样模式相比,基于TSP的连续轨迹在MRI图像重建质量方面提升程度如何?
  • RQ4可变密度采样能否形式化为具有预设经验测度的随机过程,以确保理论保证?
  • RQ5轨迹连续性对回顾性压缩感知MRI仿真中重建信噪比(SNR)的影响如何?

主要发现

  • 基于TSP的连续VDS在重建图像信噪比(SNR)方面优于标准采样方案,如螺旋、放射状和3D i.i.d.。
  • 所提出的VDS框架成功将独立采样与连续轨迹统一为具有预设经验测度的统一随机过程。
  • 结合部分确定性采样与独立抽样的混合策略,有助于打破压缩感知中的相干性障碍。
  • 回顾性仿真表明,连续轨迹,尤其是基于TSP的轨迹,相比传统采样模式能实现更高的重建保真度。
  • 理论分析证实,所提出的VDS方法保持了稀疏信号重建中稳定且鲁棒的信号恢复所需条件。

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