[论文解读] Web3: The Next Internet Revolution

Shicheng Wan, Lin Hong+3 more|arXiv (Cornell University)|Mar 22, 2023

Blockchain Technology Applications and Security被引用 20

一句话总结

对 Web3 的全面综述，详细介绍其主要技术、架构、应用、与 Web 3.0 的差异，以及未来研究方向，并附带隐私、安全与治理等挑战。

ABSTRACT

Since the first appearance of the World Wide Web, people more rely on the Web for their cyber social activities. The second phase of World Wide Web, named Web 2.0, has been extensively attracting worldwide people that participate in building and enjoying the virtual world. Nowadays, the next internet revolution: Web3 is going to open new opportunities for traditional social models. The decentralization property of Web3 is capable of breaking the monopoly of the internet companies. Moreover, Web3 will lead a paradigm shift from the Web as a publishing medium to a medium of interaction and participation. This change will deeply transform the relations among users and platforms, forces and relations of production, and the global economy. Therefore, it is necessary that we technically, practically, and more broadly take an overview of Web3. In this paper, we present a comprehensive survey of Web3, with a focus on current technologies, challenges, opportunities, and outlook. This article first introduces several major technologies of Web3. Then, we illustrate the type of Web3 applications in detail. Blockchain and smart contracts ensure that decentralized organizations will be less trusted and more truthful than that centralized organizations. Decentralized finance will be global, and open with financial inclusiveness for unbanked people. This paper also discusses the relationship between the Metaverse and Web3, as well as the differences and similarities between Web 3.0 and Web3. Inspired by the Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory, we further conduct a novel hierarchy of needs theory within Web3. Finally, several worthwhile future research directions of Web3 are discussed.

研究动机与目标

• 提供关于 Web3 发展、技术与应用的最新概览。
• 区分 Web3 与 Web 3.0，并澄清文献中的概念混淆。
• 识别 Web3 采用与实践中的挑战、风险及未来研究方向。

提出的方法

• 对 Web3 技术、体系结构和应用进行系统文献综述。
• 说明支撑 Web3 的数据存储、通信网络和计算原语。
• 讨论 Web3 与 Web 3.0 的差异与相似性，重点关注所有权、安全性和治理。
• 引入一个受 Maslow 启发的 Web3 框架需求层次结构。

实验结果

研究问题

• RQ1 支撑 Web3 的核心技术和体系结构是什么？
• RQ2 基于这些技术会出现哪些类型的 Web3 应用？
• RQ3 Web3 与 Web 3.0 有何差异、又有哪些相似之处？
• RQ4 Web3 研究与实践的关键挑战、风险及未来方向是什么？

主要发现

• Web3 以基于区块链、智能合约和数字钱包的去中心化生态系统为核心，使用户拥有权与 DAOs 成为可能。
• 应用包括 DeFi、NFT、DeSci、DeSo，以及具备创作者中心经济学的去中心化元宇宙。
• IPFS 和去中心化存储解决数据所有权与跨网站数据共享的问题，而 Layer 2 解决方案提高了可扩展性。
• 由于像 CeDeFi 这样的中心化–去中心化混合体，Web3 在隐私、安全和治理方面引入了权衡。