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[论文解读] X-Shooter spectroscopy of young stellar objects in Lupus. Atmospheric parameters, membership and activity diagnostics

A. Frasca, K. Biazzo|arXiv (Cornell University)|Mar 3, 2017
Astrophysics and Star Formation Studies参考文献 72被引用 37
一句话总结

本研究利用X-Shooter光谱仪对卢布尔星形成区中102个年轻恒星物体的大气参数、径向速度及活动/吸积诊断参数进行了测定。研究通过径向速度与重力差异识别出13个非成员星体,确认III类YSO仅表现出色球层Hα发射,且发现谱线光度与吸积光度之间存在紧密相关性,排除了先前研究中的定标效应影响。

ABSTRACT

A homogeneous determination of basic stellar parameters of young stellar object (YSO) candidates is needed to confirm their evolutionary stage, membership to star forming regions (SFRs), and to get reliable values of the quantities related to chromospheric activity and accretion. We used the code ROTFIT and synthetic BT-Settl spectra for the determination of the atmospheric parameters (Teff and logg), the veiling, the radial (RV) and projected rotational velocity (vsini), from X-Shooter spectra of 102 YSO candidates in the Lupus SFR. We have shown that 13 candidates can be rejected as Lupus members based on their discrepant RV with respect to Lupus and/or the very low logg values. At least 11 of them are background giants. The spectral subtraction of inactive templates enabled us to measure the line fluxes for several diagnostics of both chromospheric activity and accretion. We found that all Class-III sources have H$α$ fluxes compatible with a pure chromospheric activity, while objects with disks lie mostly above the boundary between chromospheres and accretion. YSOs with transitional disks displays both high and low H$α$ fluxes. We found that the line fluxes per unit surface are tightly correlated with the accretion luminosity ($L_{ m acc}$) derived from the Balmer continuum excess. This rules out that the relationships between $L_{ m acc}$ and line luminosities found in previous works are simply due to calibration effects. We also found that the CaII-IRT flux ratio, $F_{8542}/F_{8498}$, is always small, indicating an optically thick emission source. The latter can be identified with the accretion shock near the stellar photosphere. The Balmer decrement reaches instead, for several accretors, high values typical of optically thin emission, suggesting that the Balmer emission originates in different parts of the accretion funnels with a smaller optical depth.

研究动机与目标

  • 对卢布尔区域中的年轻恒星物体统一测定大气参数(Teff, log g)、消光深度、径向速度及v sin i。
  • 基于径向速度与表面重力的一致性,评估其在卢布尔星形成区中的成员资格。
  • 通过发射线流量(Hα、Hβ、Ca ii、Na i)诊断色球层活动与吸积现象。
  • 建立谱线光度与吸积光度之间稳健的关联,避免定标偏差的影响。
  • 探究巴尔末线与Ca ii红外三重线发射在吸积喷流与激波中的起源。

提出的方法

  • 使用ROTFIT代码对X-Shooter光谱(UVB、VIS、NIR)进行拟合,采用合成BT-Settl模型大气。
  • 通过旋转展宽的非活动模板进行光谱相减,以分离发射线流量。
  • 利用Cardelli等(1989)的消光律进行消光校准,并从通量校准的光谱中推导恒星光度。
  • 通过SED中巴尔末连续谱过量计算吸积光度(Lacc)。
  • 测量如F_CaII8542/F_CaII8498等流量比,以推断光学深度与发射几何结构。
  • 将所得参数与演化轨迹及光谱型定标(Pecaut & Mamajek 2013)进行比较。

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1在卢布尔区域的102个YSO候选体中,有多少颗是基于径向速度与重力约束的真正成员?
  • RQ2在有盘与无盘的YSO中,Hα、Hβ、Ca ii与Na i线流量如何与吸积光度(Lacc)相关联?
  • RQ3Ca ii红外三重线的流量比揭示了吸积激波的光学深度与几何结构的哪些信息?
  • RQ4为何一些过渡盘对象在吸积率相近的情况下,Hα流量却同时表现出高值与低值?
  • RQ5先前研究中Lacc–线光度相关性在多大程度上是由定标效应而非物理关系所驱动?

主要发现

  • 由于径向速度或log g值明显不符,共13个YSO候选体被排除为卢布尔成员,其中至少11颗为背景巨星。
  • 所有III类YSO的Hα流量均与色球层活动一致,未检测到显著的吸积信号。
  • 具有盘的YSO其Hα流量主要位于色球层-吸积边界之上,表明存在活跃的吸积过程。
  • 过渡盘对象表现出Hα流量的双峰分布,高值与低值均被观测到。
  • 发现谱线光度(Hα、Hβ、Ca ii)与吸积光度(Lacc)之间存在紧密相关性,排除了定标误差的影响。
  • Ca ii红外三重线的流量比F_CaII8542/F_CaII8498始终较低,表明吸积激波在光球层附近产生光学厚发射。

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