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[论文解读] Gas lines from the 5-Myr old optically thin disk around HD141569A. Herschel observations and modeling

W.‐F. Thi, C. Pinte|arXiv (Cornell University)|Sep 19, 2013
Astrophysics and Star Formation Studies参考文献 111被引用 26
一句话总结

本研究结合赫歇尔-PACS对[O I] 63和145 μm、[C II] 157 μm以及CO J=3–2谱线的观测,以及斯皮itzer和VLT的数据,对HD141569A周围年龄为5 Myr的原恒星盘中的气体和尘埃进行建模。通过MCFOST和ProDiMo的联合建模,得出气体质量为2.5–4.9×10⁻⁴ M⊙,尘埃质量为2.1×10⁻⁷ M⊙(针对aₘₐₓ < 1 mm的颗粒),气体与尘埃的质量比接近100,尽管盘演化,仍与初始星际值一致。

ABSTRACT

At the distance of 99-116 pc, HD141569A is one of the nearest HerbigAe stars that is surrounded by a tenuous disk, probably in transition between a massive primordial disk and a debris disk. We observed the fine-structure lines of OI at 63 and 145 micron and the CII line at 157 micron with the PACS instrument onboard the Herschel Space Telescope as part of the open-time large programme GASPS. We complemented the atomic line observations with archival Spitzer spectroscopic and photometric continuum data, a ground-based VLT-VISIR image at 8.6 micron, and 12CO fundamental ro-vibrational and pure rotational J=3-2 observations. We simultaneously modeled the continuum emission and the line fluxes with the Monte Carlo radiative transfer code MCFOST and the thermo-chemical code ProDiMo to derive the disk gas- and dust properties assuming no dust settling. The models suggest that the oxygen lines are emitted from the inner disk around HD141569A, whereas the [CII] line emission is more extended. The CO submillimeter flux is emitted mostly by the outer disk. Simultaneous modeling of the photometric and line data using a realistic disk structure suggests a dust mass derived from grains with a radius smaller than 1 mm of 2.1E-7 MSun and from grains with a radius of up to 1 cm of 4.9E-6 MSun. We constrained the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) mass to be between 2E-11 and 1..4E-10 MSun assuming circumcircumcoronene (C150H30) as the representative PAH. The associated PAH abundance relative to hydrogen is lower than those found in the interstellar medium (3E-7) by two to three orders of magnitude. The disk around HD141569A is less massive in gas (2.5 to 4.9E-4 MSun or 67 to 164 MEarth) and has a flat opening angle (&lt;10%). [abridged]

研究动机与目标

  • 约束赫比格Ae星HD141569A周围5 Myr龄过渡盘中气体与尘埃的质量。
  • 解决不同示踪剂(CO、禁线、PAHs)所估算气体质量之间的不一致。
  • 检验尽管盘演化,气体与尘埃质量比是否仍保持初始星际值100。
  • 研究盘的物理与化学结构,包括PAH丰度与盘的扇形程度。

提出的方法

  • 利用赫歇尔-PACS仪器观测[O I] 63和145 μm、[C II] 157 μm以及CO J=3–2谱线。
  • 补充使用斯皮itzer光谱与测光、VLT-VISIR在8.6 μm的成像,以及档案中的CO数据。
  • 利用蒙特卡洛辐射转移代码MCFOST对连续谱与谱线流量进行联合建模。
  • 使用ProDiMo进行热化学建模,以推导盘结构、气体温度与化学丰度。
  • 假设无尘埃沉降,以简化颗粒大小分布与消光系数的建模。
  • 通过拟合光谱能量分布(SED)与谱线流量,推导尘埃质量、气体质量与PAH丰度。

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1HD141569A周围盘的总气体质量是多少,与尘埃质量相比如何?
  • RQ2为何不同气体示踪剂(CO、[O I]、[C II])所给出的气体质量估算不一致?
  • RQ3盘中多环芳烃(PAHs)的丰度是多少,与星际介质相比如何?
  • RQ4盘的结构是平坦还是扇形的,这如何影响谱线发射与SED拟合?
  • RQ5气体与尘埃质量比是否仍保持初始星际值100,还是已发生演化?

主要发现

  • 小于1 mm粒径的尘埃质量为2.1×10⁻⁷ M⊙,而粒径达1 cm的尘埃质量为4.9×10⁻⁶ M⊙。
  • 基于禁线辐射与CO数据,气体质量被约束在2.5–4.9×10⁻⁴ M⊙之间。
  • 假设为环冠烯(C₁₅₀H₃₀)时,PAH质量估算为2×10⁻¹¹至1.4×10⁻¹⁰ M⊙,其丰度比星际介质低2–3个数量级。
  • 模型高估了[O I] 63 μm谱线的流量,表明氧化学或激发条件可能存在潜在问题。
  • 盘的开口角小于10°,呈平坦结构,气体与尘埃质量比与100一致,支持气体与尘埃同步消散。
  • 尽管该盘的气体与尘埃质量低于GASPS样本中其他赫比格Ae星,但其气体与尘埃质量比仍接近初始星际值。

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