[论文解读] Hybrid Active/Passive Wireless Network Aided by Intelligent Reflecting Surface: System Modeling and Performance Analysis
本文提出了一种将智能反射面(IRS)与有源基站(BS)结合的混合主动/被动无线网络,以提升频谱效率和能量效率。通过随机几何方法,建模了空间相关信道,并推导出下行链路吞吐量的闭式表达式,结果表明,最优的IRS/BS密度比可使无IRS的传统网络在成本效益容量增益方面实现最大化。
Intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) is a new and promising paradigm to substantially improve the spectral and energy efficiency of wireless networks, by constructing favorable communication channels via tuning massive low-cost passive reflecting elements. Despite recent advances in the link-level performance optimization for various IRS-aided wireless systems, it still remains an open problem whether the large-scale deployment of IRSs in wireless networks can be a cost-effective solution to achieve their sustainable capacity growth in the future. To address this problem, we study in this paper a new hybrid wireless network comprising both active base stations (BSs) and passive IRSs, and characterize its achievable spatial throughput in the downlink as well as other pertinent key performance metrics averaged over both channel fading and random locations of the deployed BSs/IRSs therein based on stochastic geometry. Compared to prior works on characterizing the performance of wireless networks with active BSs only, our analysis needs to derive the power distributions of both the signal and interference reflected by distributed IRSs in the network under spatially correlated channels, which exhibit channel hardening effects when the number of IRS elements becomes large. Extensive numerical results are presented to validate our analysis and demonstrate the effectiveness of deploying distributed IRSs in enhancing the hybrid network throughput against the conventional network without IRS, which significantly boosts the signal power but results in only marginally increased interference in the network. Moreover, it is unveiled that there exists an optimal IRS/BS density ratio that maximizes the hybrid network throughput subject to a total deployment cost given their individual costs, while the conventional network without IRS is generally suboptimal in terms of throughput per unit cost.
研究动机与目标
- 探究大规模部署IRS是否可作为可持续无线网络容量增长的经济高效解决方案。
- 在空间相关衰落信道下,对结合有源BS与无源IRS的混合网络进行建模与性能分析。
- 量化下行链路的单位面积吞吐量及其他关键性能指标,对随机BS/IRS位置与信道衰落进行平均。
- 确定能最大化单位部署成本下网络吞吐量的最优IRS/BS密度比。
- 证明IRS辅助的混合网络在频谱效率与成本效益方面优于传统仅含主动基站的网络。
提出的方法
- 采用随机几何方法,将有源BS与无源IRS的随机空间部署建模为独立的齐次泊松点过程(HPPPs)。
- 推导在空间相关瑞利衰落信道下,由分布式IRS反射的期望信号与干扰功率分布。
- 利用大规模IRS中的信道硬化效应简化分析,假设每个IRS包含大量反射单元。
- 应用HPPP的概率生成泛函(PGFL)计算覆盖概率与信号干扰加噪声比(SINR)分布。
- 通过干扰功率的拉普拉斯变换与信道增益的互补累积分布函数(ccdf),推导出下行链路空间吞吐量的闭式表达式。
- 采用Faà di Bruno公式与贝尔多项式,计算性能分析中复合函数的高阶导数。
实验结果
研究问题
- RQ1将无源IRS与有源BS结合,如何影响无线网络的下行链路空间吞吐量?
- RQ2空间相关衰落与IRS引起的信道硬化对混合主动/被动网络系统性能有何影响?
- RQ3在给定总部署成本下,使网络吞吐量单位成本最大化的IRS/BS密度比应为多少?
- RQ4在频谱效率与成本效益方面,IRS辅助的混合网络相较于传统仅含主动基站的网络表现如何?
- RQ5在大规模无线网络中部署分布式IRS时,信号增强与干扰增长之间的关键权衡是什么?
主要发现
- 与传统仅含主动基站的网络相比,采用分布式IRS的混合网络实现了显著更高的空间吞吐量,信号功率大幅提升,干扰仅略有增加。
- IRS部署通过无源波束成形实现有利的信道重构,显著提升频谱效率,尤其在视 Line-of-Sight(LoS)与非视 Line-of-Sight(NLoS)场景下效果显著。
- 存在一个最优的IRS/BS密度比,可使单位成本下的吞吐量达到最大,而传统网络(IRS密度为零)在此指标下通常表现次优。
- 分析表明,大规模IRS中的信道硬化效应可显著简化性能建模,并支持对关键性能指标的精确闭式表达式推导。
- 数值结果验证了分析框架的准确性,并确认IRS部署是未来无线网络的经济高效解决方案。
- 推导出的覆盖概率与空间吞吐量表达式具有高精度与可扩展性,可支持在真实网络条件下的性能评估。
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