Jihwan Do

Abstract Marine biofouling–the adhesion of marine organisms onto a ship hull–causes increased fuel consumption, leading to massive carbon dioxide emissions. Many attempts are made to address this issue, and antifouling polymer coatings are extensively investigated owing to their environmental friendliness. Zwitterionic polymers, polysaccharides, and polyethylene glycol are frequently used as surface coatings, demonstrating excellent marine antifouling performance. However, these hydrophilic poly

Abstract For marine antifouling coatings to be practically useful, resistance to both marine fouling organisms and inorganic marine sediments is essential. Amphiphilic copolymer coatings, which integrate hydrophilic and hydrophobic components, are known to impart such dual antifouling properties to solid substrates. In these systems, the hydrophilic component functions as a physical barrier to inhibit biological fouling, while the hydrophobic component prevents the adsorption of marine sediments

Abstract Polysaccharide coatings are of interest for marine antifouling applications because of their good marine antifouling properties and environmentally benign characteristics. However, the hydrophilic nature of polysaccharide coatings can lead to the adsorption of marine sediment, which can negatively impact their antifouling properties. Amphiphilic modification of polysaccharide coatings has been demonstrated to address these issues. In this study, we report a simple method for post‐modifi

ABSTRACT This article proposes a dynamic approach to modeling opportunism in bilateral vertical contracting between an upstream monopolist and competing downstream firms. Unlike previous literature on opportunism which has focused on games in which the upstream firm makes simultaneous secret offers to the downstream firms, we model opportunism as a consequence of asynchronous recontracting in an infinite‐horizon continuous‐time model. We find that the degree of opportunism depends on the absolut