Jung Hoon Lee

We isolated and artificially expressed a cDNA clone of the Capsicum annuum squalene synthase (CASS) gene to elucidate the pattern of alternatively regulated two-branch point enzymes. The 1,674-bp CASS cDNA contained an open reading frame of 411 amino acids, yielding a predicted molecular mass of about 45 kDa. A deduced amino acid sequence comparison to other squalene syntheses showed identities with Nicotiana tabacum (91%), Nicotiana benthamiana (90%), Arabidopsis thaliana (79%), and rats (40%).

The constitutive photomorphogenesis 9 (COP9) signalosome (CSN) plays key roles in many biological processes, such as repression of photomorphogenesis in plants and protein subcellular localization, DNA-damage response, and NF-κB activation in mammals. It is an evolutionarily conserved eight-protein complex with subunits CSN1 to CSN8 named following the descending order of molecular weights. Here, we report the crystal structure of the largest CSN subunit, CSN1 from Arabidopsis thaliana (atCSN1),

-Hda2-Hda3, in which the active sites of the Hda1 dimer are freely accessible. We also observe a tetramer of protomers, where the nucleosome binding modules are inaccessible. Structural analysis of the nucleosome-bound complexes indicates how positioning of Hda1 adjacent to histone H2B affords HDAC catalysis. Moreover, it reveals how an intricate network of multiple contacts between a dimer of protomers and the nucleosome creates a platform for expansion of the HDAC activities. Our study provide

ABSTRACT As one of the first lines of host defense, monocytes play important roles in clearing infected microbes. The defensive response is triggered by recognition of diverse microbial moieties, including released factors, which modulate host immune responses to establish a harsh environment for clinically important bacterial pathogens. In this study, we found that the expression of PTX3, a soluble form of pattern recognition receptor, was induced by infection with live Pseudomonas aeruginosa o

Sophora flavescens is used as a traditional herbal medicine to modulate inflammatory responses. However, little is known about the impact of (-)-maackiain, a compound derived from S. flavescens, on the activation of inflammasome/caspase-1, a key factor in interleukin-1β (IL-1β) processing. Here, we report that (-)-maackiain potently amplified caspase-1 cleavage in macrophages in response to nigericin (Nig). In macrophages primed with either lipopolysaccharide or monophosphoryl lipid A, Nig-media

The proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β plays an importantrole in protecting the host against airway infection;however, it can also trigger a massive influx of neutrophilsinto the airways, causing tissue damage. Anti-inflammatorytreatments are particularly in demand for patients sufferingfrom chronic inflammatory diseases. Sophora flavescens is atraditional herbal medicine used to reduce inflammation,but no study has examined its ability to block IL-1β production. Here, we show that S. flave

Inflammatory responses are a first line of host defense against a range of invading pathogens, consisting of the release of proinflammatory cytokines followed by attraction of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) to the site of inflammation. Among the many virulence factors that contribute to the pathogenesis of infections, nucleoside diphosphate kinase (Ndk) mediates bacterially induced toxicity against eukaryotic cells. However, no study has examined how Ndk affects inflammatory responses. The

본인들은 주류생산 부산물인 주박을 이용한 친환경적인 비료를 개발하고자 한다. 본 시험에 사용된 주박에는 잔존 알코올함량이 평균 5-8%이며, 주요성분으로 6.04% 총질소량, 42.59% 총탄수화물량, 1.01% 유용 인산량, 73.42% 유기물량, 7.72% <TEX>$K_2O$</TEX>, 1.35% CaO와 0.53% MgO을 함유하고 있었다. 주박은 980 units/g의 <TEX>${\alpha}-amylase$</TEX>, 300 units/g의 glucoamylase와 1,800 units/g의 산성 protease활성을 나타내어 비교적 높은 수준의 효소 활성을 나타내었다. 토양으로부터 분리한 미생물 중 항 진균활성이 우수한 근권세균인 Bacillus subtilis KMU-13을 분리, 생화학적 특성과 16s rDNA 분석에 의하여 Bacillus subtilis KMU-13으로 동정했다. 식물병원성 진균인 Botrytis cinerea KACC 40573, Scler

Antimicrobial peptides act as important innate immune defense mediators against invading microbes such as Streptococcus pneumoniae. Among a number of antimicrobial peptides, β-defensin 2 (BD2) has strong antimicrobial activity against S. pneumoniae. However, little is known about the molecular signaling mechanisms leading to the BD2 expression. Here, we report that BD2 is strongly induced by S. pneumoniae in human airway cells including human middle-ear cells. Among diverse pneumococcal virulenc

전 세계적으로 국가 간 자유무역이 확대되고 있는 상황에서, 우리나라도 최근 미국, EU 등 금융선진국들과 FTA 협정을 체결하는 등 급속히 추진되고 있다. 이 협정문에 따르면, 우리나라의 외국계 금융회사가 보유하고 있는 이용자 정보가 국외로 이전이 가능하게 될 전망이다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 금융정보의 국외이전에 대비하여 정보이전의 개념과 범위를 정의하고, 국내․외 관련 법․제도 현황을 파악해 보고자 한다. 아울러 정보이전 시 예상되는 문제점을 제도적, 기술적 부문으로 나누어 검토하고 정보규제의 차별화, 개인정보보호법과 관련법규의 제․개정, 금융회사의 안전성 확보 및 정보이전 표준가이드라인 마련 등의 정책적 대응방안을 제시한다. 특히, 이용자의 프라이버시 보호를 위하여 개인정보의 이전 시 금융정보와 차별화하는 정책 수립의 필요성을 언급한다. 본 논문에서 제안된 방안은 향후 FTA 시행 후 금융정보의 국외이전에 대비하여 금융회사와 감독당국 등 관련기관이 준비해야 할 대책 마련에 도움이

Infections are often not caused by a colonization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa alone but by a consortium of other bacteria. Little is known about the impact of P. aeruginosa on the growth of other bacteria upon coinfection. Here, cell-ree culture supernatants obtained from P. aeruginosa suppressed the growth of a number of bacterial strains such as Corynebacterium glutamicum, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Agrobacterium tumefaciens, but had little effect on the growth of Escherichia