Soo Jin Shin

BACKGROUND: Vascular endothelial growth factor pathway (VEGF)-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are used as the first-line treatment for patients with metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (mCCRCC). Recently, programmed death-1 (PD-1) and programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) blockade emerged as promising therapy for renal cell carcinoma. However, the expression pattern and prognostic implication of programmed death-ligands (PD-Ls) in mCCRCC patients receiving VEGF-TKI remain unclear. PATIENTS

배경 및 목적: 초등학교 1학년, 2학년, 3학년 정상아동들의 이야기 산출 능력이 학년에 따라 차이가 있는지 알아보고자 하였다. 방법: 연구대상의 생활연령은 집단별 7세 0개월∼7세 5개월, 8세 0개월∼8세 5개월, 9세 0개월∼9세 5개월로 각각 20명씩 총 60명이었다. 자료수집을 위해 “Frog, Where are you?”를 사용하였고, 이야기문법, 형태소로 본 평균절길이(Mean Length of C-units by morphemes, MLC-m), 문법오류 점수(grammatical error score)를 집단별로 분석하였다. 결과 및 결론: (1) 이야기문법 총점이 학년집단에 따라 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 각 하위 범주별 점수가 학년집단에 따라 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았으나, 학년이 올라갈수록 시도와 내적반응을 더 많이 사용하는 경향을 보였다. (2) 형태소로 본 평균절길이(MLC-m)는 1학년과 3학년 집단간에서만 유의하게 증가하였으나, 결과적으로 볼 때 이야기의

Univariate analysis demonstrated that changes in ALC, AMC, and the ALC/AMC ratio are associated with patient survival in MM. Multivariate analysis showed that, of these factors, the ALC/AMC ratio was an independent prognostic factor for OS.

BACKGROUND: Critical reflection is an effective learning strategy that enhances clinical nurses' reflective practice and professionalism. Therefore, training programs for nurse educators should be implemented so that critical reflection can be applied to nursing education. This study aimed to investigate the effects of a critical reflection competency program for clinical nurse educators on improving critical thinking disposition, nursing reflection competency, and teaching efficacy. METHODS: A

An awareness of the incidence, common primary sites, metastatic subsites, and metastatic courses or patterns of oral/oropharyngeal metastases is helpful in the diagnosis of metastatic carcinomas.

Positive IGF-1R expression is associated with a favorable prognosis in breast cancer. IGF-1R is frequently expressed in the luminal A/B subtypes of breast cancer, and its expression is related to the hormone receptor status.

The purpose of this study was to identify the current status of the new graduate nurses’ education system, to establish guidelines for the education of new graduate nurses, and to provide dates for the improvement of the education system. Eighty-nine hospitals participated in the survey from July to August 2018. The questionnaires consisted of 24 items including general characteristics, new graduate nurses’ education system, operation of nursing education teams, and preceptorship programs. The a

About 8% of resected pancreatic cancers had associated double primary tumors, and those from the colorectum, stomach, lung, and thyroid were common. Patients whose pancreatic cancer was resected before the diagnosis of metachronous tumors had better OS than those resected after the diagnosis of metachronous tumors or those resected synchronously.

BACKGROUND: Microsatellite instability (MSI)-high (MSI-H) colorectal cancer is known to be associated with increased tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), elevated host systemic immune response, and a favorable prognosis. In gastric cancer, however, MSI status has rarely been evaluated in the context of TILs and systemic immune response. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We evaluated data for 345 patients with gastric cancer who underwent gastrectomy with MSI typing. The numbers of TILs were counted after

BACKGROUND: There are limited conventional chemotherapy options for biliary tract cancers (BTCs), a heterogenous group of lethal, rare malignancies. The receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) is closely associated with the progression of human malignancies through the regulation of cell cycle. Overexpression or amplification of RTKs has been investigated as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target in BTC; herein, we investigate the value of such interventions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Overexpression o

Abstract Background Mesothelin is overexpressed in many solid tumors, and recent studies have shown that mesothelin expression is associated with poor outcomes in several malignant tumors and may play a role in cancer progression. Clinical trials of mesothelin-targeted immunotherapies are currently under way, but the correlation between mesothelin expression and gastric cancer prognosis is still unclear. Subjects, Materials, and Methods Mesothelin expression in tumor cells was evaluated immunohi

Mutation analysis of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) has recently been introduced as a noninvasive tumor monitoring method. In this study, we tested the mass spectrometric-based MassARRAY platform for multiplexed gene mutation analysis of plasma samples from colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. A total of 160 patients, who underwent curative resection of either primary or metastatic CRC harboring KRAS mutations between 2005 and 2012, were included. Circulating DNA was isolated from plasma was analyze

Guanine nucleotide-binding protein/α-subunit (GNAS) mutations are involved in fibrous dysplasia (FD) pathogenesis. Here, we analyzed GNAS mutations in FD which were performed by pyrosequencing DNA isolated from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue. The mutation detection rate was determined in FD specimens with and without decalcification. GNAS mutation was identified in 28 cases out of 87 FDs (32.18%) [p.R201C (N = 14) and p.R201H (N = 14)]. GNAS mutation was more likely to occur in p