Sung Yong Cho

A synthetic route to 9,9-dioctyl-9 H -fluorene (free of monoalkyl-substituted fluorene defects) by alkylative cyclization of 9-biphen-2-ylheptadecan-9-ol is described. Polyfluorenes prepared by Yamamoto and Suzuki polymerization of the defect-free monomers, when incorporated in light-emitting devices, exhibited minimal green emission attributable to fluorenone formation. By contrast, devices fabricated with polyfluorene arising from conventionally synthesized 9,9-dioctyl-9 H -fluorene showed sig

The statistical analysis of RIRS learning experience revealed that 56 cases were required for reaching a plateau in the learning curve. The number of stones and the number of sites were significant predictors for stone-free status.

Retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) is being performed for the surgical management of upper urinary tract pathology. With the development of surgical instruments with improved deflection mechanisms, visuality, and durability, the role of RIRS has expanded to the treatment of urinary calculi located in the upper urinary tract, which compensates for the shortcomings of shock wave lithotripsy and percutaneous nephrolithotomy. RIRS can be considered a conservative treatment of upper urinary tract u

A universal increase in energy consumption and the dependency on fossil fuels have resulted in increasing severity of global warming, thus necessitating the search of new and environment-friendly energy sources. Hydrogen is as one of the energy sources that can resolve the abovementioned problems. Water splitting promotes ecofriendly hydrogen production without the formation of any greenhouse gas. The most common process for hydrogen production is electrolysis, wherein water molecules are separa

To prevent global warming, ESS development is in progress along with the development of electric vehicles and renewable energy. However, the state-of-the-art technology, i.e., lithium-ion batteries, has reached its limitation, and thus the need for high-performance batteries with improved energy and power density is increasing. Lithium-sulfur batteries (LSBs) are attracting enormous attention because of their high theoretical energy density. However, there are technical barriers to its commercia

AIMS: This study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of mirabegron for Parkinsonism patients with overactive bladder (OAB) symptoms in a randomized, placebo-controlled, multicenter study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Inclusion criteria are Parkinsonism with OAB symptoms for 4 weeks or more, OAB symptom score (OABSS) questionnaire scores greater than 2, and OABSS urgency question scores greater than 1. After a 2-week wash-out period, the patients were randomized into placebo and mirabegron gro

Trio-biomarker composed of HSP27, ALDH6A1 and prohibitin may predict survival of metastatic prostate cancer patients.

AIMS: There is limited data on bladder compliance associated with lower urinary tract dysfunction. The aim of this study was to investigate the decrease in bladder compliance, and the clinical relationship between patterns of increased pressure with neurological disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed in 5,027 patients with voiding dysfunction between June 2002 and April 2008. The patients with poor compliance (PC) were categorized according to the detrusor pattern

The S-ReSC scoring system is useful in predicting the post-PCNL SFR and in describing the complexity of renal stones.

AIMS: This study is to investigate whether a repetitive education program for behavioral modification is necessary for the patients with nocturnal polyuria (NPU). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective single-arm study was carried out and 82 patients with NPU were analyzed. We developed a 30-min systematized behavioral modification program (SBMP), which consisted of (1) watching videos about normal physiology of storing and emptying function of urine, (2) regulation of fluid intake, (3) explanatio

Measurements of daily PM2.5 were carried out during winter between January 11 and February 27, 2010 in an urban area of Korea, in order to better understand the influence of sources and atmospheric processing of organic aerosols. The aerosol samples were analyzed for organic carbon and elemental carbon (OC and EC), water-soluble OC (WSOC), eight ionic species, and oxalate. The water-soluble fraction of OC was between 33 and 58% with an average of 45%. Strong correlations among WSOC, sulfate (SO

Recently, many instruments and systems related on the biological technology have been developed. Particularly, various researches for biological cell injection have been carried out. Generally, excessive contact force occurring when an end-effector and a biological cell contact might make a damage on the cell. Unfortunately, the excessive force could easily destroy the membrane and tissue of the cell. In order to overcome the problem, we have proposed a new injection system for biological cell m