[论文解读] Brief overview on Bacteriophage therapy; Alternative to Antibiotics

Rameen Atique, Hafiza Arshi Saeed+9 more|arXiv (Cornell University)|Feb 15, 2024

Genetics, Bioinformatics, and Biomedical ResearchBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology被引用 3

一句话总结

本文对噬菌体疗法作为抗生素的有前途的替代方案提供了简明概述，强调其在靶向致病菌的同时保护有益菌群的特异性。文章突出噬菌体疗法的优势——副作用低、作用迅速、环境可持续——同时也指出其挑战，如宿主特异性以及对个性化噬菌体文库的需求，最终认为这是一种可行且有利于气候的策略，可用于对抗耐药性感染。

ABSTRACT

The term bacteriophage means killer or eater of bacteria. They were initially discovered by F.W. Twort and later on, Felix d'Herelle unveiled them to the world in 1910. Phage therapy has arisen as a favorable option to conventional antibiotics by reducing the multinational problem of increasing antibacterial resistance. These virulent viruses particularly prey on and contaminate bacterial strains and aid in fighting bacterial diseases. Researchers are performing various clinical trials on the bacteriophage to tackle pathogenic bacterial infections, varying from typical illnesses to highly invulnerable biofilms that cannot be treated with antibiotics. The primary experiments demonstrated that phage therapy has fewer consequences than traditional antimicrobial drugs. It is safer to use and show results within a few days. Although phage therapy has a wide range of promising results, but it also encounters diverse obstacles. One is that they are host-specific and can merely be used for personalized therapy. As thousands of bacteria can cause disease, clinicians have to construct a library of phage viruses. For successful treatment, an analysis of versatility, stability, and immune interference related to bacteriophage is necessary. Phage therapy is an excellent substitute for antibiotics as it illustrates a living base for the treatment of infections and it is climate-friendly. It only targets the pathogenic cells and has less influence on the normal microbiota. Regardless of the challenges and problems, phage therapy is approved as a beneficial approach to combating contagious infections.

研究动机与目标

• 评估噬菌体疗法作为传统抗生素在抗菌素耐药性日益增加背景下的可行替代方案。
• 研究噬菌体疗法在选择性靶向致病菌而不破坏正常菌群方面的机制与优势。
• 识别临床应用中的关键挑战，如宿主特异性、噬菌体文库开发以及免疫系统干扰。
• 评估噬菌体疗法在治疗细菌感染方面的安全性、有效性及环境可持续性。

提出的方法

• 回顾Twort和d'Hérelle对噬菌体的发现与发展的历史。
• 分析噬菌体的作用机制，包括宿主特异性感染及在致病菌中诱导裂解周期。
• 评估针对各种感染（包括耐药性和生物膜相关疾病）的噬菌体疗法临床试验数据。
• 评估噬菌体的稳定性、多功能性及其与免疫系统的相互作用，以确定其治疗可行性。
• 比较噬菌体疗法与传统抗生素在副作用、特异性和环境影响方面的差异。
• 综合当前研究趋势及推动噬菌体疗法向临床应用转化所面临的挑战。

实验结果

研究问题

• RQ1 在对人类菌群的特异性和脱靶效应方面，噬菌体疗法与抗生素相比如何？
• RQ2 哪些主要的生物学和临床挑战限制了噬菌体疗法的广泛应用？
• RQ3 噬菌体疗法在治疗生物膜相关和耐药性细菌感染方面的有效性如何？
• RQ4 噬菌体宿主特异性在个性化治疗方案设计中起到什么作用？
• RQ5 与传统抗菌剂相比，噬菌体疗法在哪些方面表现出环境可持续性？

主要发现

• 噬菌体表现出高度特异性，仅靶向致病菌，最大限度减少对正常菌群的干扰。
• 与传统抗菌药物相比，噬菌体疗法不良反应更少，临床反应时间更短。
• 该疗法对持续性感染（包括耐药菌和生物膜引起的感染）有效。
• 宿主特异性要求开发大规模噬菌体文库以实现广泛临床应用。
• 由于其靶向作用及抗菌剂在环境中持久性降低，噬菌体疗法被认为具有气候友好性。
• 尽管存在挑战，噬菌体疗法仍被视为治疗感染性疾病的有益且可行的方法。