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[论文解读] Cooperative Beamforming with Predictive Relay Selection for Urban mmWave Communications

Anastasios Dimas, Dionysios S. Kalogerias|arXiv (Cornell University)|Jul 29, 2019
Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling参考文献 48被引用 23
一句话总结

本文提出了一种用于城市环境中毫米波网络的预测性、资源高效中继选择方案,利用接收信号强度(RSS)中的时空相关性,实现分布式、低开销的中继选择。该方法在显著降低信道估计开销的同时,实现了接近理想方案的性能(与理想方案相差仅2.3 dB),尤其在密集拓扑结构中优势明显。

ABSTRACT

While millimeter wave (mmWave) communications promise high data rates, their sensitivity to blockage and severe signal attenuation presents challenges in their deployment in urban settings. To overcome these effects, we consider a distributed cooperative beamforming system, which relies on static relays deployed in clusters with similar channel characteristics, and where, at every time instance, only one relay from each cluster is selected to participate in beamforming to the destination. To meet the quality-of-service guarantees of the network, a key prerequisite for beamforming is relay selection. However, as the channels change with time, relay selection becomes a resource demanding task. Indeed, estimation of channel state information for all candidate relays, essential for relay selection, is a process that takes up bandwidth, wastes power and introduces latency and interference in the network. We instead propose a unique, predictive scheme for resource efficient relay selection, which exploits the special propagation patterns of the mmWave medium, and can be executed distributively across clusters, and in parallel to optimal beamforming-based communication. The proposed predictive scheme efficiently exploits spatiotemporal channel correlations with current and past networkwide Received Signal Strength (RSS), the latter being invariant to relay cluster size, measured sequentially during the operation of the system. Our numerical results confirm that our proposed relay selection strategy outperforms any randomized selection policy that does not exploit channel correlations, whereas, at the same time, it performs very close to an ideal scheme that uses complete, cluster size dependent RSS, and offers significant savings in terms of channel estimation overhead, providing substantially better network utilization, especially in dense topologies, typical in mmWave networks.

研究动机与目标

  • 解决传统基于信道状态信息(CSI)的中继选择在毫米波网络中资源成本过高的问题。
  • 降低动态城市毫米波环境中信道估计的开销和延迟。
  • 实现无需完整CSI反馈的分布式、实时中继选择,同时保持高服务质量(QoS)。
  • 利用RSS中的时空相关性,提前一个时隙预测最优中继选择。
  • 在最小化信令和功率开销的前提下,提升密集毫米波部署中的网络利用率。

提出的方法

  • 提出一种基于当前和历史网络级RSS测量的预测性中继选择方案,该方法对中继簇大小不敏感。
  • 采用基于采样的自适应算法(SAA)估计一步 ahead 的SINR,并为每个簇选择最优中继。
  • 在簇之间并行执行中继选择,与波 beamforming 同步进行,最大限度减少协调开销。
  • 利用毫米波传播中的时空信道相关性,特别是在视 Line-of-Sight(LoS)和街道峡谷(street-canyon)环境中的特性。
  • 仅使用幅度 CSI(RSS)而非完整 CSI,从而降低反馈需求和延迟。
  • 与两跳放大转发(AF)波束成形集成,以增强信号强度和可靠性。

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1基于RSS相关性的预测性中继选择在毫米波网络中是否优于随机选择?
  • RQ2在动态毫米波环境中,基于RSS的预测能在多大程度上减少对完整CSI反馈的需求?
  • RQ3预测性中继选择的性能与具有完整CSI的理想方案相比如何?
  • RQ4中继簇的部署位置对系统性能和QoS有何影响?
  • RQ5分布式、低复杂度的中继选择能否在最小开销下实现接近理想性能?

主要发现

  • 所提出的基于SAA的中继选择方案比随机选择方案获得7.7 dB更高的SINR,表明性能显著提升。
  • SAA策略仅比理想CSI方案差2.3 dB,表明在大幅降低反馈开销的前提下实现了近乎最优性能。
  • 理想方案与SAA策略均倾向于选择簇端附近的中继,SAA方案中超过99%的选择集中在两个端点中继。
  • 当中继簇数量从4增加到6时,系统性能提升约3 dB;而仅使用2个簇时性能下降约5 dB,凸显簇密度的重要性。
  • 该方法显著降低了信道估计开销,尤其在密集城市毫米波网络中,从而提升了网络利用率。
  • 系统对空间簇部署位置敏感,性能随中继分布显著变化,表明最优部署对实现高QoS至关重要。

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