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[论文解读] Directly imaging spin polarons in a kinetically frustrated Hubbard system

Max L. Prichard, Benjamin M. Spar|arXiv (Cornell University)|Aug 24, 2023
Physics of Superconductivity and MagnetismPhysics and Astronomy被引用 3
一句话总结

本研究利用超冷原子直接观测了在动能简并的三角晶格费米- Hubbard 系统中运动的自旋极化子,揭示了空穴掺杂处的反铁磁关联以及粒子掺杂处的铁磁关联。结果表明,即使在高温下且无交换作用时,通过动能简并仍能形成稳定的准粒子,挑战了关于简并 Mott 绝缘体中准粒子相干性的既有假设。

ABSTRACT

The emergence of quasiparticles in quantum many-body systems underlies the rich phenomenology in many strongly interacting materials. In the context of doped Mott insulators, magnetic polarons are quasiparticles that usually arise from an interplay between the kinetic energy of doped charge carriers and superexchange spin interactions. However, in kinetically frustrated lattices, itinerant spin polarons - bound states of a dopant and a spin-flip - have been theoretically predicted even in the absence of superexchange coupling. Despite their important role in the theory of kinetic magnetism, a microscopic observation of these polarons is lacking. Here we directly image itinerant spin polarons in a triangular lattice Hubbard system realised with ultracold atoms, revealing enhanced antiferromagnetic correlations in the local environment of a hole dopant. In contrast, around a charge dopant, we find ferromagnetic correlations, a manifestation of the elusive Nagaoka effect. We study the evolution of these correlations with interactions and doping, and use higher-order correlation functions to further elucidate the relative contributions of superexchange and kinetic mechanisms. The robustness of itinerant spin polarons at high temperature paves the way for exploring potential mechanisms for hole pairing and superconductivity in frustrated systems. Furthermore, our work provides microscopic insights into related phenomena in triangular lattice moiré materials.

研究动机与目标

  • 通过实验直接观测动能简并的三角晶格 Hubbard 系统中的运动自旋极化子。
  • 研究掺杂 Mott 绝缘体中动能简并与磁性关联的相互作用。
  • 区分超交换与动能机制在极化子形成中的作用。
  • 探究在无超交换耦合且高温条件下准粒子的鲁棒性。
  • 为三角晶格莫尔材料与高温超导体中的涌现现象提供微观洞察。

提出的方法

  • 利用超冷 40K 原子在可调相互作用与跃迁的光晶格中实现三角晶格费米-Hubbard 系统。
  • 采用原位单格点分辨荧光成像技术探测单个自旋向上与自旋向下的原子,包括掺杂原子及其局域自旋环境。
  • 测量自旋-自旋关联函数(三体与四体关联函数),以识别极化子结构及掺杂原子周围的磁序。
  • 对实验数据应用损耗成像保真度校正(≈0.96),以补偿 DQMC 理论比较中的探测效率不足。
  • 进行动力学量子蒙特卡罗(DQMC)模拟,以建模多体系统,并在不同 U/t、T/t 和掺杂水平下与实验数据对比。
  • 利用高阶关联函数,分离超交换与动能机制在极化子形成中的贡献。
Figure 1: Itinerant spin polaron. a, A single particle in a triangular lattice with $t>0$ minimizes its energy by occupying symmetric orbitals on each bond. Its band structure $E(k)$ exhibits a minimum energy of $E=-6t$ . In a spin polarized background, a single hole has a negative effective tunneli
Figure 1: Itinerant spin polaron. a, A single particle in a triangular lattice with $t>0$ minimizes its energy by occupying symmetric orbitals on each bond. Its band structure $E(k)$ exhibits a minimum energy of $E=-6t$ . In a spin polarized background, a single hole has a negative effective tunneli

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1在无超交换耦合的动能简并 Hubbard 系统中,能否直接成像运动自旋极化子?
  • RQ2在三角晶格 Mott 绝缘体中,空穴与粒子掺杂处的自旋关联如何演化?
  • RQ3在简并晶格中,超交换与动能简并对极化子形成的相对贡献为何?
  • RQ4在无长程磁序且高温条件下,准粒子的鲁棒性如何?
  • RQ5在超冷原子中观测到的关联在多大程度上反映了莫尔材料与高温超导体中的行为?

主要发现

  • 直接成像显示空穴掺杂处局域环境中存在反铁磁自旋关联,证实了运动自旋极化子的形成。
  • 粒子掺杂诱导出铁磁自旋关联,为三角晶格中 Nagaoka 效应提供了实验证据。
  • 即使在高温(T/t ≈ 0.95)下,且当超交换能量尺度被抑制时,自旋极化子仍保持鲁棒,表明动能简并驱动了准粒子形成。
  • 三体自旋关联函数 $ C^{(3)}_{h} $ 在掺杂 ≈ -0.3 处达到最小值,而 $ C^{(3)}_{d} $ 在 ≈ +0.15 处达到峰值,表明空穴与粒子具有不同的极化子行为。
  • 经成像保真度校正后的 DQMC 模拟与实验数据高度一致,验证了动能简并作为主导机制的理论模型。
  • 在半满附近,$ C^{(3)} $ 的尖锐特征随相互作用强度(U/t)增加而更加显著,表明强关联下极化子特征增强。
Figure 2: Imaging the internal structure of the polaron. a, Three point correlations $C^{(3)}((1,0),(1/2,\sqrt{3}/2))$ (blue and green) and $C^{(3)}((1,0),(3/2,\sqrt{3}/2))$ (red and orange) versus doping $\delta$ . Theory curves (gray bands) are from DQMC with $U/t=11.8(4),T/t=0.94(4)$ . Right: (to
Figure 2: Imaging the internal structure of the polaron. a, Three point correlations $C^{(3)}((1,0),(1/2,\sqrt{3}/2))$ (blue and green) and $C^{(3)}((1,0),(3/2,\sqrt{3}/2))$ (red and orange) versus doping $\delta$ . Theory curves (gray bands) are from DQMC with $U/t=11.8(4),T/t=0.94(4)$ . Right: (to

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